How Far Do You Agree World War One Was Mainly Responsible for the 1917 Revolution?

How far do you agree that world war one was mainly responsible for the 1917 revolution? World war one was one of the main reasons for the breakout of revolution in 1917, however other factors can be brought about to suggest that it wasn’t only the main reason for the breakout of revolution in 1917. Aspects such as the decisions and actions of Tsar Nicholas can also be identified as important features for the breakout of revolution alongside the social and economic strains and the lack of political reform.All factors have characteristics to suggest that they were the main reason for the breakout of war, however the impact of world war one can be viewed as playing the larger role on the reason for breakout in 1917. The actions of the tsar Nicholas prove to be an important factor for the breakout of revolution in 1917. In 1915 when the Tsar decided to take full control of the army he was creating even further inconveniences for himself. Due to the fact that the Tsars main attenti on was spent on the army, the day to day running of the government was left to his Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna.The problem was created through the fact that the Tsarina was greatly influenced by Grigori Rasputin. Rasputin damaged the Tsars reputation as anybody who wanted to gain power would have to befriend Rasputin. Many governors and politicians either resigned or were relieved of their position due to Rasputin. This had a large effect on the Russian people as the Tsars attention was fully towards the war and not on the problems faced by the people.This would have been a growing source of discontent which backs up the argument that the Tsars neglect of the Russian troubles back in Russia would have been one of the main reasons for the outbreak of revolution in 1917. The impact of world war one in Russia can be viewed as one of the characteristics that play a large role in the reason for outbreak of revolution in 1917. The war for the Russian people meant that all fuel, food and coal were being concentrated on being provided to the soldiers on the front line.The effect of this was that Russian people were being neglected of these goods which they needed almost as profusely as the Russian soldiers did. Growing dissatisfaction would have occurred throughout the Russian people as nothing took place to try and relieve these hardships that they were experiencing. This would have led to the even further loss of faith and support in the Tsar and would provide an evidently profound reason for revolution. Furthermore, during world war one over a million soldiers were either killed or taken prisoner.This largely lowered morale between the soldiers and many of them fled. The support of the army would have been lost due to these results as the Tsar was seen mainly as the responsibility for the horrific results of war. Dissimilar to the 1905 revolution were the Tsar had the army on his side, the fact that the Tsar lost the support of the army made his chances of survivi ng the revolution very thin. Moreover, another leading factor for the breakout of revolution in 1917 was the social and economic strains faced by the Russian people.The outbreak of revolution during 1905 was partly due to the social and economical strains experienced by the Russian people however, conditions decreased further during the build up to revolution in 1917. The war was costing profoundly more than they could afford, Russia left the gold standard and started to print money which caused inflation. This added to the discontent of the Russian people as it meant that the price of living also went up yet they had no income to afford basic goods.This was due to the fact that many factories were closed down and the crop yield was being directed to the soldiers at war. This left the Russian people isolated as they had little, if any means of income to buy basic necessary items. Too make matters worse for both the Tsar and the Russian people, little action was taken in aid of these inconveniences. Before the war Moscow had been receiving 2200 railway wagons of grain per month in 1914; however by Christmas 1916 this reduced to only 300.This therefore resulted in the accumulative discontent of the Russian people which only made matters worse for the Tsar as the likely hood of the occurrence of revolution was high. The lack of political reform can accountably be taken in as one of the main reasons for the outbreak of revolution in 1917. The union of zemstva provided medical facilities for the army; however the government did not know how to incorporate them into its own war effort. Moreover, the progressive Bloc called for a government of public confidence in which the ministers would be responsible for the Duma.However, Tsar Nicholas refused to listen to any of their demands, this resulted in the ministers who campaigned for change and reform; were either dismissed or resigned. Due to the fact that no reform was made, all the blame was directed to the Nicholas. Reform was needed greatly at this time yet no reform occurred, this accumulated the ever rising dissatisfaction of the Russian people. Furthermore, as a result of Nicholas’s lack of political reform the support of political parties became very minute.In conclusion, I agree that world war one played a large characteristic in the reason for breakout of war; however it does not act as the aspect mainly responsible for revolution. Other reasons such as the lack of reform, the economic and social strains and the actions taken by Tsar Nicholas played an equal role in the reason for the outbreak of revolution in 1917. World war one can be interpreted as a ‘trigger’ towards the revolution rather than being the main cause. Revolution would likely occur even without the impact of world war one, yet due to the timing, acts as a catalyst towards the revolution in 1917.

Outside reading

This article featured in US Catholic Magazine discusses the importance that a pilgrimage can offer our spiritual life. I found out that pilgrimages to important Catholic sites, usually where Jesus or saints traveled are Important today as they were thousands of years ago. Before modern transportation, pilgrims took a prolonged Journey that lasted anywhere from several weeks to a year. This extended travel really demonstrated a pilgrim's dedication to their faith. Usually the reasons for this trip were to ask for divine aid, to fulfill a religious obligation, or to venerate an important place or object.Just arriving to a sacred place is only part of their Journey. Pilgrims, by embarking on an exterior, physical Journey, take an interior Journey as well. Even though the journey has changed over the centuries, Pilgrimages continue to function as an important tool for spiritual growth. By actually embarking on a pilgrimage, we can encounter firsthand the global nature of our faith and ou r Catholic heritage. Seeing Catholics flock from all the corners of the Earth for one specific purpose leaves an unforgettable sense of community within.Overall, the repose for any pilgrimage, near or far, Is to have a physical experience to help us better understand what we cannot come to know through our senses. Reading about pilgrimages Is far different from actually taking one. Reading about the powerful emotions and feelings taken from this experience makes me wonder what triggers these reactions. The author of this article said that on one of her journeys, she, â€Å"l felt that I connected with the life of SST. Francis?and therefore with Christ, whom he sought to imitate. The trip changed my life. † She also goes on to describe that the runner itself is as important as the destination.When people think of taking a pilgrimage, they usually decide on where they are going, not how they will arrive there. Looking at the Journey rather than the destination itself puzzles me because I would have not thought to think of that particular part. The motivation for taking this journey also posed questions for me. I read that, â€Å"Pilgrimages work because they address a fundamental human principle: to use our experiences of the perceivable created world to connect with the creator, whom we cannot see,† which means that NY pilgrimage helps us connect with God on a spiritual level as well.Not only has this article described what a pilgrimage is, but has challenged me to think about taking a pilgrimage for myself. The author says that her trips have changed her life. I wonder if it is possible for this to happen to anyone, including myself. I read that pilgrims don't Just help you escape, but call you to let go of current situation and seek interior conversion. The time spent following the footsteps of other Christians push us to directly encounter God. A pilgrimage is part of the foundation of our faith since it is essentially how it began.Since you ca n make a pilgrimage without spending much money or traveling a great distance, I know it is possible for anyone to take one. The key Is to recognize that you are in a sacred space where God's nearness becomes much clearer to you, which does not require you to travel great distances since god Is everywhere. Pilgrimages prove that In order to move your soul, you usually need to move your feet as well. The main purpose of this article Is to persuade people of the significance of a pilgrimage.It calls us to recognize that it is not just a trip for our evidence of God's presence in our world today. It challenges us to be moved by the faith from those experiencing God's healing love at these sacred sites. Becoming a pilgrim means is to realize that everyone is equal before God and challenges to take the wisdom acquired from the Journey and apply them to situations back home. This article calls to our attention that living a good faith-filled life isn't easy and that we should be making di fficult climbs to get to God who always waits for us.

Technical report -information system for a FBO Assignment

Technical report -information system for a FBO - Assignment Example The main business operation is focused around the hangar maintenance with other departments to provide the support functions of the business. First, the back office solutions will be discussed as a support function for the information system. This report will then break down the information system as it pertains to each department by the hardware and software that is required for the users to properly perform the functions of their job. Schematic System requirements Hardware Requirements All the computer system in this setup have a similar structure containing the main memory, the processor, and peripheral devices such as output and input devices, secondary storage, Visual display unit among others. The main functionality of the system is to synchronize all the systems so that they are able to carry out several functionalities as being commanded by the installed programs. The central processing Unit (CPU) is the most fundamental component of any computer system. This directly implies that the proper functionality of a system is fully dependent on the type and speed of the processor. Also, the functions of the processor are made possible by the availability of the main memory also known as random access memory (RAM) which acts as a storage for the programs that are processed by the central processing unit and this also depicts its importance. In this scenario, high performance of the setup system is importance. Thus to enhance this high performance, powerful computers are required. In summary, the hardware specifications to enhance high performance in this system are listed in the table below. Component Requirement Processor Specification 3rd Generation Intel Core i5-3330 processor 6M Cache Speed – 3.2GHz Memory 8GB Dual Channel DDR3 SDRAM, 1600MHz Available Disk Space 1TB Hard Drive 3.5" 7200rpm, SATA Drive DVD+/-RW Tray Load Drive, 16X, SATA Display and Peripherals Monitor, Keyboard and pointing device The recommended computer system which contains the above stated components is Inspiron 660 Desktop. This Computer is designed produce high performance. This is made possible by the third generation Intel core processor and the main memory of 8 GB. Moreover, the computer is equipped with four USB 3.0 ports, HDMI connection, 8 – in -1 media card to facilitate connectivity to other peripheral devices. Other peripheral devices Device Cost Cisco Linksys E1200 Wireless Router $ 44.99 HP – Office jet Pro 8600 Plus Network-Ready Wireless All-In-One Printer $ 229.99 To facilitate communication of all the devices over the network and the internet, Local Area Network is setup which includes a wireless network for wireless devices. Also, to facilitate the day to day printing services, HP – Office pro 8600 plus printer is installed. Basic Structure of the network Server Hardware Requirements The processor should 3rd generation Intel i3 processors with a minimum speed of 2 GHz. The recommended for this task should 3rd generat ion i3 processors with a speed of 2.16 GHz. The processor should Intel Manufactured. The recommended minimum Random Access Memory is 1 GB or higher. Considering the above stated specifications, the best server to

Decisions in paradise, Part II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Decisions in paradise, Part II - Essay Example So, the key here is, organization should aptly study the new territory or market’s business environment and the factors that may impact its operations before embarking on. One of the key decision making technique or tool, which can enable the organizations including ARS Corp to do that study, is SWOT SWOT is an acronym that stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. This business aiding analysis is good for correcting the problems related to strategy, position and direction of an enterprise, it measures a proposition or an idea and it is a subjective assessment of data arranged in a logical order that helps to understand, present, discuss and solve a problem.(Camillus, 1986). With ARS Corp deciding to go for the establishment of a Business School, this tool can be aptly used to study its potential. The strategic planners are required to use SWOT analysis in order to come up with effective strategies. SWOT analysis involves critical examination of organization al strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strengths and weaknesses of an organization are normally brought up by internal factors. (Chapman, n. d.) So, SWOT analysis can be used to find out the strengths and the weaknesses of ARS Corp in relation to its plans in Kava. At the same time, the other two criteria of opportunities and threats can be used to focus on the external environment in the Kava market. In addition, by doing this decision aiding process, SWOT will be able to build on its strengths and opportunities available, and the same correct the weaknesses, and overcome the threats. (Harrison & Pelletier 1999) If these factors are aptly identified and focused, they can be utilized by the decision makers in ARS Corp to make an optimal entry into Kava. When this SWOT analysis is applied regarding ARS Corp’s entry into Kava and its proposed setting up of a Business School, it gives various perspectives. Strength: One of the main strength of ARS Corp in relation to its plan of business school is its previous expertise in business management. As business schools and business management techniques implemented in an organizational setup are much correlated, its management expertise can be analyzed and focused on setting up the business school. The other strength is Business school can be the most cost efficient means of doing business in Kava because of minimum investment and no need for continuous flow of raw materials. Weaknesses: Although, ARS Corp has good business management acumen, its lack of experience in the education sector could put across some challenges. This weakness of ARS Corp could be seen when the process of establishing the business school is started, and also when it is being run. The initial work regarding the formulation of syllabuses and other apt infrastructural needs could be a challenge for ARS Corp considering its lack of experience. Opportunities: Kava has a sizable youth population and all these youths are perfect target customers for ARS Corp. The other key opportunity for ARS Corp through this venture is the elevation of its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). By setting up a Business school in an underdeveloped region like Kava, and providing the youths with good education can elevate its ethical or CSR image. In addition, well equipped students from this School can be absorbed into ARS Corp’

Multimedia Networking VoIP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Multimedia Networking VoIP - Essay Example From the Stone Age till the modern era, man has practically swirling the entire world around him, (not moving himself).(Seiver,2007) Since the break of dawn on the twenty-first century, technology has been man’s new mantra. He thinks it and breathes it. Every set of goals is judged by technology. Technology is one of man’s greatest weapons. Many fear it, whereas many caress it. Some use it abominably whereas some require it as a necessity. In this day, technology zooms and buzzes around our heads, making us â€Å"King of the mountain†. Many of our lives are in luxury because technology blesses us with its presence in our homes and offices and other business fields. It all started with a pair of wool or skins of the cattle. From that it went into an inferno of light and electricity. Then the telephone was the next. And from this point our topic starts.(McKenna,2009) Telephone and its uses are common to all. This device was used for the purpose of talking to family , friends and other loved ones. This was further worked on until it was transformed into a teeny tiny device, known as â€Å"Cellular phone†.(Dodd,2010) The discovery of â€Å"Internet†- A blessing in disguise or another hidden horror- caused a whirlpool to sweep the public of its feet. Internet and phone combined to give off, God knows, millions of new deices like IP-PBX, (Internet Protocol –Private Branch Exchange). ... The joining of external phone lines helps in accommodating more users in a quicker and effective way. The IP PBX serves somewhere between the VoIP user and the more traditional user or sometimes between 2 local users similar to how a normal PBX works. The IP PBX works together with the voice signals through the IP, adding considerable advantages of the IP telephony to this particular system. The IP PBX can work both as a physical system as well as a virtual system. The physical system joins cards with FXO/FXS ports to work, while the virtual system is known as more of a software solution and it also works with soft phones and VoIP gateways,(Holden,2009) thus lowering the overall cost without compromising over the call quality. Complete functions of a traditional PBX are carried out by the IP PBX with additional special and advanced functions that are only possible via the IP system. The most notable advantage of the IP PBX is its flexibility and easy compatibility. The system is â₠¬Å"redundant†; this basically means in a way it has a backward compatibility. The latest systems use the old TDM technology which has the advanced messaging platform. This allows the system to have more advanced functions like voicemail, conferencing, call forwarding etc.(Wellingford,2005) The system proves to be very flexible as moving of the system or addition of new users can be done very easily. There are two major types of the IP PBX; the one which is hosted and the non hosted IP PBX. The hosted IP PBX implies that only basic VoIP accessories are required by the actual company and the main equipment is hosted by a separate company. The hosted system means we just have to

Illiegal immigrant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Illiegal immigrant - Essay Example As such, the economic growth and subsidization of social security are the primary factors which will be used to support this view. The Pew Research Hispanic Trends projected that there are approximately 8.4 million undocumented workers in America (Passel et al 2011). When compared to the total American labor force, they represent only 5.2 %. Thus, illegal immigrants form a significant part of the American labor force. In acknowledging the significance of illegal immigrants in America, Susan Combs (Texas comptroller) implied that the illegal immigrants make up about 6.3 % of the Texas workforce. As such, an exit of the undocumented workers would decrease the gross state product of Texas by about 2.1 %. Additionally, some parts of the American economy depend entirely on the labor provided by the illegal immigrants. In fact, the US department of agriculture and the United States department of labor state that illegal immigrants are very beneficial to the American economy. More than half of workers employed in the agriculture industry in America are illegal immigrants, mostly from Mexico. The department of labor quoted their figure to be about 53% while the labor unions put the percentage at 70. Although proponents of immigration reform argue that an influx of illegal immigrants reduces the number of jobs available for Native Americans, research has shown that most of these immigrants are unskilled. Thus, they tend to only affect a small percentage of Native Americans who are school dropouts and with no skills. Therefore, the argument that illegal immigrants are taking over jobs meant for American citizens is not true. On the other hand, if these illegal immigrants were to be expelled from the United States, there would be an acute labor shortage in America. This sentiment was echoed by the USDA and the department of labor. A lot of

Difficulties of HR in managing multicultural workforce Essay

Difficulties of HR in managing multicultural workforce - Essay Example Team cohesiveness and task identity were predictors of collaborative problem solving and productivity for R & D teams (Dailey, 1978). Cooperation and collaboration is essential for team success.† Paraphrasing The author suggests that the negative aspects of a culturally diverse team can be reduced by ensuring that team members are not frequently changed. If team members stay together for an elongated period of time then they begin to understand each others’ style of working and know what to expect from the other individual. Team members tend to start cooperating with each other (irrespective of their cultural differences) if they stay together in the same team. The authors stated that team cooperation and collaboration are important elements for any team’s success. Commentary This paragraph is important for the chosen research topic as it highlights an important technique that can be useful to make teams more productive and successful. Many organizations do not fo llow this approach and have no awareness about the importance of keeping team members in the same team structure. This approach can reduce many difficulties for the HR department since instances of lack of coordination between team members can be significantly reduced with this approach. Source: Tilker, Lutz. â€Å"Managing diversity†, SpencerStuart, 2004. ... Diversity management helps to recruit and retain staff because companies take account of the different circumstances of current and potential employees. It strengthens innovation because diversity produces more creativity. And it improves the corporate image because diversity reflects important social values. Paraphrasing The author explains that effective cultural diversity management can prove to increase revenues and corporate value for the company. The improvement in business is due to the provision of better customer service and meeting their requirements in a fitting manner. The author quoted a research of another researcher, who stated that companies with better diversity management techniques are known to be more successful. Such companies are able to understand the problems of existing and new employees therefore they are able to retain more employees than other companies. The author also agreed that diversity promotes creativity in the business processes of the organization and it also helps to attain a positive image for the company. Commentary This paragraph is important for the research since it points out the benefits of embracing multicultural workforces in organizations. Some of the appealing benefits are increased profits, better image of the company and promotion of creativity. This research finding will support the benefits in the research study. Source: Chartered Institute of Personnel and development, â€Å"Managing diversity measuring success†, Change Agenda, 2005. For a multinational corporation, having workforce diversity may help it to be better at dealing with the diverse cultures it operates in and to design and implement strategies to improve market penetration and product differentiation through greater

Advanced Technology the Key to the Chinese Economy Development Essay

Advanced Technology the Key to the Chinese Economy Development - Essay Example China failed to take the next step and the topic of discussion of the articles revolves around the cause of failure taking the Needham under consideration. The high-level equilibrium trap The above concept was first proposed by Mark Elvin and later supported by some eminent historians. Elvin analysed the economy and the surprising technological advancements and came out with the hypothesis of inadequate capital, constraints in the market, lack of entrepreneurship to be the major causes of failure. He supported his view with examples and evidence. The incentives behind technological innovations were led by family farming, the market system and the fee-simple ownership. So the advancement took the rising curve initially (Maluste, 2011, p.22). The population expanded rapidly and the amount of land got limited. The required amount of food to feed the entire population got limited leading to cheap labour and cost of capital increased. So the country lacked the required surplus necessary f or sustained industrialization. Although China reached the threshold level at the fourteenth century the population grew to such a level where there was no requirement for the labour saving devices (Lin, 1995, p.272). The potential of agriculture is correlated with agriculture. If there is inhibition of technology the equilibrium trap is absent. Therefore, the focus should be towards the rising cause of land ratio and the reason which can be stated is the lack of inventive creativity. According to Chao, the worsening of man to land ratio was not due to the orientation of inventions. If the man to land ratio of the twelfth century is taken into account the claim of no need for technological advancements appears tenuous. The surveys proved that in those periods there was not a single day where the farm households were not occupied in the farmlands. Therefore the claim of no need of labour saving devices is not valid (Bloom, et al, 2006, p.1). The other reason stated by the above-discu ssed hypothesis is inadequate surplus from agriculture rising from weak man to land ratio. This reason has some flaws as well. The surplus of per capita should have been higher in the fourteenth and fifteenth century than that achieved in the twelfth century. Again there is no empirical support to claim the statement that high man to land ratio depleted from the agricultural surplus. Therefore the concept of high-level equilibrium trap stands invalid in analysing the reasons of absence of industrial revolution in China (Kuijs, 2012, p.15). Population, Science and innovations China failed to reap the benefits of technological advancements as it did not transform the experience based procedure of discovery to experiment cum science-based improvement. The Needham’s model assumes the source of the invention to be trial and error. One type of trial and error is based on experience while the other is based on experiment. The former refers to the activities of peasants on the farmla nd while the later trial and error refer to the activities of the investor to innovate new technologies. The technology can be freely obtained from the former while that from later trial and error is costly. The implications drawn from the Needham’s model are discussed below (Swamy, 2010, p.12). The probability of invention or innovation of new technology is dependent upon the positive function of the number of trials.  

Importance of Annual Reports and Accounts Essay

Importance of Annual Reports and Accounts - Essay Example Generally enterprises use annual reports to express three major types of information and that are market information, financial information and information related to productivity. Tesco’s annual reports also hit the same purpose as they project information of market competencies, company’s fiscal growth and revenues with respect to output levels (Thomsett, 2007). Tesco’s Annual Reports on Market Analysis Tesco’s annual reports talk about the market situation in which the company operates. The reports indicate different market segments, those in which Tesco is successful and those where the company sets back. There is a summarized overview of different business constraints which Tesco highlights in its annual reports. Constraints include trading levels, profit and loss statements, revenues of a particular fiscal, growth, number of employees working, and number of stores operating in one particular fiscal. By giving the overview of all such constraints, Tes co is able to analyze its present market situation (Tesco, 2012). The report comes out at the end of each fiscal giving an overview of complete market statistics. This enables managers to assess present market in terms of future growth prospect. From Tesco’s annual reporting system it can be said that annual reports play a decisive role in market analysis. By having such event based information as in Tesco’s reports, the company is able to compare its past market with the relativistic present market (Tesco, 2012). Actually the reports are projections of periods allowing the planning to make true real assessment. This helps in creating market picture, which shows that how much there is stability and... This paper approves that there are different reasons of why annual reports are important to enterprises. Some of the reasons are clean market analysis, comprehensive growth assessment and comparative financial evaluation, which are helpful to prepare future plans for the company (Stittle, 2003). Annual reports mostly include three types of information, market information, financial information and information related to growth and productivity. By general assessment of the reports strategists are able to understand overall performance of the company on a particular. Annual reports play a decisive role in this respect as they project the key highlights of the company including new projects, day to day customer experience, employees stability and investors engagement, which are enough elements to understand the growth rate and productivity. This report makes a conclusion that Tesco an international retailing company also operates on annual reporting system. The company comes out deliberate with a year of year reporting where information is mostly based financials, market status and growth of the company. This type of information is important to both Tesco managers and investors as they have the idea on company’s real time progress by accessing the annual reported documents. Hence it is to conclude that annual reports hold a major importance for an organization, especially when the organization is on the international grounds and requires a comprehensive tool of expression like annual reports.

Baxter Manufacturing Essay Example for Free

Baxter Manufacturing Essay Baxter Manufacturing Company (BMC) is a metal stampings company. Its major customers include, Ford, General Motors, Honda of America, General Electric and Whirlpool. The company is made up of two divisions it makes brackets and other components that go into the finished product, they also make motor casings. BMC employees about 420 non-union employees and has been steadily growing for the last 6 years. They have been approached to build a factory in Mexico, and settled on building in Queretaro, which is about a 3-hour drive north of Mexico City. Don Collins, who is the MIS manager, felt that since a new plant was being built with top of the line equipment and computer systems that they might be able to implement a system upgrade for the entire company. One of the problems was that BMC wanted the new system implemented by the end of the year. Given the quick deadline they decided to focus on support for the Mexico plant, a felt that the following approaches: 1. Connect the Mexican plant to BMC’s existing systems through a high-speed communications line   2.  Contract through an application service provider (ASP) to provide systems support to the Mexican plant. 3. Employ a piecemeal solution where they would acquire a number of software packages that could run on the networked PC’s in Mexico that would serve the basic needs of the Mexican plant. (MIS) The task force team ran into difficulties with language and cultural differences, the mindset of the employees and Mexico and the long distances between them. They met with resistance and self pride from the Mexican employees and were unable to communicate effectively with them. Target As a result of the lack of communication and the language differences the task force decided to go with option 3. They were working on locating vendors to provide support and with basic language software to help the employees stateside. The main issues that they are having are support for the systems and training for the equipment. By outsourcing some or all of ts IT work to a company that is familiar with the language and culture it could help expedite the time of getting the plant operational. In addition developing a training program that could be taught companywide could help benefit the entire company. Proposal One of the main issues that BMC is looking for is international support. They are been unable to work directly with its own employees due to the language barrier that it faces. By using a company like Unisys, they could provide the infrastructure support, business service support and many other features. They offer support in English and Spanish and could help ease the burden of the local IT department. Unisys could also implement a Cloud, in which the entire company could use to help transfer information to and from different locations. â€Å"Business forces have caused IT to try to figure out how to provide flexible services faster, but, without large, up front investments. Unisys has a number of cloud solutions for providing the necessary flexibility and responsiveness needed to achieve significant business value. † (Unisys) A great deal of time has gone into the development of this plant, but an equal or greater part must be present in training of the employees. In order for the plant to be fully operational at the level that is required by MBC, a training program must be designed. They would benefit greatly by having management train with how BMC currently runs its operation. By also setting up a video conferencing line they could help problem solve over the computer and or phone lines helping eliminate the distance between the two plants.

Accumulated and continuous physical activity

Accumulated and continuous physical activity Accumulated and Continuous Physical Activity, Which is better for you? Introduction Physical activity (PA) is becoming increasingly important to our health and the effects it can have on our daily lives, yet most adults report not to be physically active (MMWR, 2005). The sedentary lifestyle being led by the public is having a detrimental effect on general health. The decline in PA over the years could be due to modern technology such as cars and computers (Haskell et al, 2007) which stops people from doing the simplest of things such as walking to the shops. Inactivity can cause major health problems and increases the risk of chronic illness such as cardiovascular disease (Booth et al, 2000) it leads to obesity, hypertension, thromboemlic stroke, type 2 diabetes, cancer (Kesaniemi, et al, 2001) and psychological impairments such as stress and depression. Even with these heightened risks people are still not changing their lifestyles, in 2005 23.7% of the American population were reported as undertaking no leisure time activity (MMWR, 2005). PA is beneficial to hea lth having positive effects on cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems and brings improvements in the metabolic and immune systems (Vuori, 1998). Prior to the 1990s it was strongly believed that the way to improve health and fitness was to do 15-60mins of continuous moderate-vigorous exercise up to 3-5 days a week (Hardman, 1999). The problem with this amount and intensity of exercise is people are less likely to adhere to it and in essence end up doing none at all (Osei-tutu Campagna, 2005). More recently the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) (Pate et al, 1995) have updated their recommendation to suggest that the general public should accumulate ≠¥30mins of moderate exercise, on most, if not all days of the week. Exercise can be accumulated through small periods of activity ( Continuous Exercise Multiple studies have provided evidence that continuous exercise is the best way to keep healthy, however these results are in direct contradiction to those for accumulated exercise. Fulton et al (2001) showed that continuous was better than accumulated exercise through a field evaluation of energy expenditure (EE). A total of 31 females were tested over 3 days; walking continuously for 30mins on one day, walking for three 10min sessions on another and refraining from PA all together on a third. The order of walking was set to meet participants preference. Participants wore a TRITRAC-R3D ® accelerometer to estimate their daily EE and kept a diary to record the time, duration, mode and intensity of any PA in their lives lasting for ≠¥5 minutes. Results showed that EE differed significantly between the exercising groups and a control group. EE was significantly greater in continuous exercise compared to the accumulated exercise, with the difference being attributed to differences in trunk movement, movement intensity or duration. Therefore for the purpose of EE continuously walking gave a greater weight loss, by 60kcals, compared to accumulated walking. However there are several limitations to this study that may have impacted the validity of the results. The study was based on self reporting measures and the measurements from the use of an accelerometer. Accelerometers are known to give inherent errors in estimation of EE and could therefore give inaccuracy in the level of energy actually being expended, if this was the case though, errors would have applied to all trials. Self reporting measures could quite easily have lead to participants making up diary extracts in attempt to please the experimenters or to appear to be sticking to the walking regime. Additionally monetary incentives were also given for completing the study, which could affect protocol adherence. All sessions were completely unsupervised and pace was determined mainly by the participants themselves, supervision could have influenced the intensity and duration of the exercise leading to different estimates of EE. Additionally participants were not randomised to the 3 walking conditions, so EE may have been influenced as to which condition was performed first. Participants should have been randomised into conditions or should have done the sessions at the same time of day and in the same sequence, whilst being supervised. Unless these factors are controlled the conclusion that EE is better in continuous exercise cannot be drawn. Osei-Tutu et al (2005) compared the effects of the new ACSM PA recommendation to the traditional recommendation, aiming to see how both impacted mood, VO ­2max and body fat percentage. In the study 40 sedentary individuals were randomly assigned to one of three groups (Control Group, short bout (SB) or long bout (LB) group). The exercise groups trained for 8 weeks, doing 30mins of walking/day for at least 5 days/week. Participants walked at 60-79% of their maximum heart rate (HR) which was established in pre-testing. The SB group accumulated 30mins of exercise in three 10min bouts, separated by at least 2 hours. The LB group performed one continuous bout of walking at a time of their choice, both groups were self monitored and told to schedule walking into their daily lives. They were taught how to monitor their HR to ensure they were working in their target zone, and where possible were allocated Polar Vantage XL HR monitors. Each group totalled 1110mins of walking and had psycho logical assessments taken pre-, mid- and post-testing as well as physiological assessments pre- and post-testing. The control group remained sedentary. Results showed that VO2max ­ significantly increased (P ≠¤ 0.05) in both exercising groups and decreased in the control group, the exercise groups did not differ from each other. The LB group showed a significant decrease (P ≠¤ 0.05) in percent body fat after 8 weeks compared to the SB and control group. Mood was affected in both exercising groups, with vigour activity significantly increasing and total mood disturbance significantly decreasing. Levels of depression-dejection decreased significantly in the LB group. Overall LB exercise was seen as a better way to improve VO2max and mood and decrease percent body fat. Psychological assessments show that participants who receive positive effects from exercise have an increased chance of maintaining exercise. In the LB group one factor affected another; when more body fat was lost, mood improved and this led to better adherence to the program. Perhaps the 10min threshold is not sufficient enough to allow for significant mood benefits. Due to the positive effects of exercise on mood and therefore adherence, improving the results cannot be isolated to exercise on its own. If mood was to be studied in all experiments continuous exercise may always be perceived as the better option. Osei-Tutu et al (2005) used a field based study, not dissimilar to that of Fulton et al (2001). Measures are mainly self-reported and not monitored by an investigator. Adherence to the exercise regime may have been affected and it is therefore unclear whether continuous exercise actually yields greater effects on health to that of accumulated exercise, which was the case in this study. Accumulation of Exercise Accumulation of ≠¥30mins of PA is the currently accepted option for improving health. Altena et al (2004) compared postprandial triglyceride (TG) responses in subjects who performed a single session of continuous exercise versus accumulated SBs of exercise. In the study, 18 inactive normolipidemic individuals, performed three separate trials (one continuous 30min run, three 10min runs or no exercise at all) along with eating high fat meals (HFM) in a randomised order, separated by 7-10 days. Excluding a 9min warm up, both trials totalled 30mins of running at 60% of subjects VO2max and were conducted in the evening, 12 hours before HFM. Blood samples were taken in the fasted state, then every 2 hours for a total of 8 hours after the HFM. Samples were used to analysis plasma TG, total cholesterol and HDL-C. Results showed plasma TG to be significantly lower in accumulated exercise compared to the control group, but continuous exercise was not different from accumulated or control group. With no food being consumed between accumulated exercise sessions, results indicate that SBs of exercise attenuate the effects of a HFM more so than continuous exercise and SB exercise is therefore better at lowering postprandial lipemia. Altena et al (2004) concludes that the public should exercise in short but more frequent bouts. Again, however, there are a number of limitations within this experiment that could impact the validity of the results. There were no dietary restrictions, the study allowing participants to be â€Å"free-living† prior to consuming the HFM. Participants were not consuming the same amount of calories as one another and though asked to replicate their diet before each additional trial there is no certainty they did. Therefore the calories they consumed before the continuous exercise may have been of a greater amount compared to those consumed before the accumulated exercise. Blood samples taken after the HFM and the level of lipid within the blood cannot be isolated to exercise alone. Participants may have eaten less/more fat prior to the different trials and this could potentially alter the level of lipid within the blood, giving inaccurate results of postprandial lipemia. During the accumulated trials, all exercise was performed over a short period of time and guidelines say that exercise should be accumulated throughout the day. In this study the 3 SBs were separated by 20mins of rest, with the next bout starting straight after. A 20min rest period is not sufficient enough to allow the body to recover and be in a non-exercised state so the benefits of accumulated exercise are more likely to replicate those of continuous exercise. Results given for postprandial lipemia to accumulated exercise are therefore similar to that of continuous exercise. Park et al (2006) looked at the effect of accumulated and continuous exercise on blood pressure (BP) reduction in 20 pre-hypertensive adults. A randomised cross over design was conducted with ambulatory BP and HR variability being taken for 12 hours after either; accumulated exercise (4 sessions of 10mins) or one 40min continuous session of exercise. A control group also attended the lab but did no exercise. Trials were separated by 7 days to avoid any training effects. Exercise (walking on a treadmill) was performed at 50% of each participants VO2maxpeak; VO2 was measured in mins 2-4 and 6-8 of each session to confirm exercise intensity. HR, measured via ECG and BP via auscultation was used to monitor participants throughout. An accelerometer was also used to measure EE to allow control for variation in activities in participants daily life. No significant difference (P = 0.894) in EE for the 12 hours post treatment were found for the three groups. Systolic BP (SBP) was reduced for 11 and 7 hours post exercise and diastolic BP (DBP) was reduced for 10 and 7 hours post exercise in the accumulated and continuous group respectively. The reduction in SPB was significantly greater (P = 0.045) after accumulated exercise compared to that of continuous exercise. The conclusions drawn state that accumulated PA appears to be more effective than continuous PA in the management of BP in pre-hypertensives. In conclusion Park et al (2006) leans towards the use of accumulated PA to improve health. This controlled laboratory study can be seen as reliable and the effects of accumulated PA on BP are impressive. All recorded data was quantitative and not reliant on self-reporting which could lead to participant bias. The study also recorded baseline and post exercise measurements allowing comparison of the two. The drawback to this study is the use of one off bouts of PA. To make the results more reliable and respectable to the public the study should have been undertaken over a longer period of time. This would allow us to see if the effects of accumulated exercise are acute or sustained on reducing BP in pre-hypertensives. No differences between continuous and accumulated exercise It was originally thought that continuous exercise was the best way to improve health, so why has it now been assumed accumulated exercise is better? Many studies have compared the two and found no difference. Macfarlane et al (2006) found that the effects of accumulative exercise were not too dissimilar to those from continuous exercise on fitness levels. In the study 50 participants were randomly assigned to one of two gender matched groups; either a life style activity group (SB) or an exercise prescription model group (LB). Both groups were to accumulate 10-11 MET hours/week for the duration of the study. The LB group performed 30mins of light- moderate continuous exercise 3-4 days/week, while the SB group did 5 daily 6min sessions on 5 days/week. Adherence was assessed using a daily log, recording the time, duration, mode and rate of perceived exertion for each session, HR was also measured in sessions. Participants attended pre- and post-testing sessions, were phoned weekly an d visited twice during the study. Results show no difference between either group in EE and VO2max. Both groups accumulated more MET hours than they had been prescribed to do, but for the same duration the LB group managed to accumulate more EE than the SB group. VO2max significantly improved by 7.4% and 5.3% in the LB and SB groups respectively. Overall findings show that the effects of SB exercise can provide short-term improvements in cardiovascular fitness which is comparable to that of LB exercise. Results suggest that either type of PA would enable the same benefits; however poor control of variables within the study lead to invalid results especially the non use of a control group, not allowing any comparisons. Without a comparison we cannot be certain that there are not any other variables effecting results. Like many studies on PA, recording the amount of PA performed was self reported; participants could quite easily have done more exercise than prescribed and not reported doing so. This would lead to results which do not represent what is actually being investigated, and therefore not answering the question of which type of PA is better. The study does not provide any strong quantitative physiological data either. HR monitors were used but some data was not fit for analysis, and without strong data the conclusion cannot be seen as reliable. Additionally participants were not all working at the same intensity when exercising, which could have greatly affected results. A final problem is the number of sessions the SB group were required to perform; fitting 5 sessions of 6mins may have become impractical and allowed adherence to decline. If all sessions had been completed, accumulated exercise may have been seen as the better option compared with continuous exercise. Murphy and Hardman (1998) also concluded that there was no difference between accumulated and continuous brisk walking. In the study 34 women participated in a 10 week brisk walking program and were split into one of three groups (SB walkers, LB walkers and control group). Walking pace was set at 70-80% of maximal HR based on baseline testing. Participants were asked to walk briskly and keep their HR in their designated zone using a HR monitor. Walking took place on 5 days/week for a duration of 30mins; women in the LB group did one 30min walk whereas women in the SB group did three 10min walks with a gap of ≠¥4 hours. Walking was performed outside the laboratory with one day out of five being supervised, participants also filled in training diaries throughout. BP, blood lactate and anthropometry measures were taken at baseline and at the end of the study. Results show that all measures of endurance fitness improved in the walking group, VO2max and VO2 at blood lactate concentration of 2mmol.L-1 increased significantly in the walkers relative to the control, but a significant difference was found between the LB and SB groups respectively. Body mass decreased in both walking groups, but only the SB were significantly different from the control group skin fold thickness decreased in both walking groups but again did not differ between LB and SB groups. The findings that fitness improved to a similar level with three brisk walks as it does to one continuous 30min walk, prove that perhaps it does not matter which type of PA we choose to do. This study was well controlled and had large amounts of data to substantiate the conclusions. Baseline and post-test measures were undertaken which included exercise tests, anthropometry and BP. In the case of BP duplicate results were taken by an observer who was blinded to the participants walking regime, stopping any experimenter bias. When participants were joined once a week, investigators concealed their HR monitors to make sure that they were correctly pacing themselves. This prevented participants walking at the incorrect speed if for any reason their HR monitors were to break The only drawback to this study is the use of a field based design, if the same study had been carried out within a laboratory all factors would have been isolated and the results gained would have been entirely due to the exercise performed. Performing almost all sessions without supervision could have lead to participants not adhering fully to the protocol or walking at the incorrect speed and the weather may also have been a confounding variable. Overall the results are consistent and reliable and the improvements in health can be isolated to the exercise being undertaken. A final study by Schmidt et al (2001) also found no differences between SB and LB exercise on fitness and weight loss. In the study 48 overweight females were assigned to one of 4 groups (a control group, one 30min bout, 30mins split into two 15min bouts and 30mins split into three 10min bouts) and completed a 12 week aerobic exercise program, exercising at 75% of their HR reserve. Participants reported to the same designated exercise room during specific hours where an undergraduate student was in charge of recording attendance and HR. Exercise length increased from 15mins/day in weeks 1-2 to 30mins/day in weeks 5-12. Participants in the multiple bout groups were required to have a gap of at least four hours between sessions, thus eliminating residual physiological effects from the previous bout. HR monitors were worn throughout the exercise and participants were asked to stick to a self-monitored calorie restricted diet, of 80% of their resting EE (REE) throughout the study. Part icipants were also asked to wear a pedometer during waking hours so that the number of miles walked when not exercising could be recorded. Participants attended pre and post assessments where height and weight, circumference of hips, waist, thighs and upper arms as well as skin fold thickness at seven sites were measured as well as oxygen uptake and REE. The results from this study show that VO2max ­ increased significantly in all 3 exercise groups compared to the control. There was a significant decline from baseline to post-treatment in mean weight loss, body mass index, sum of skin folds and sum of circumference measures in exercising groups. Therefore exercise which is accumulated in several SBs does not differ to one LB of exercise in the effects it has on aerobic fitness or weight loss. The laboratory based design of this study means all variables were well controlled and therefore the conclusions drawn can be seen as reliable. All results were obtained through scientific measures and the data is quantitative rather than self-reported. Participants were continuously monitored throughout and were checked upon if they missed a session, causing adherence to be high. A drawback with this study is that participants were asked to self-monitor their calorie constricted diet, potentially leading to error in the actual amounts of calories consumed. Overall though, the study was well controlled and showed that exercise must be the factor effecting fitness and weight loss. Conclusion There is a vast array of literature available that leads to confusion over which type of PA (accumulated or continuous) we should perform to maintain our health. From the articles evaluated it would seem that both types of PA improve health and fitness levels. The majority of studies that are well controlled for indicate that both types of PA give the same effects and so doing either are beneficial. However, I would conclude that accumulated PA is better as it is much easier to fit into a busy lifestyle; it requires no changing of clothes or going to a designated workout area, and is therefore more achievable (Schmidt et al, 2004). Accumulated PA gives multiple health benefits such as attenuating postprandial lipemia (Altena, 2004), increasing high density lipoprotein cholesterol (Aldred et al, 1994) and helping with weight loss. It has also been shown to improve aerobic fitness (Murphy et al, 2002) and blood lactate response to sub-maximal exercise (Murphy and Hardman, 1998). The drawback for accumulated PA is that it has been shown to give less overall EE then continuous PA (Fulton et al, 2001). Continuous PA has also been shown to improve VO ­2max and has a positive effect on personal mood (Osei-Tutu et al, 2005). That said continuous exercise is more likely to be of a higher intensity and therefore has negative effects such as getting sweaty or having to go to a required location to participate. Both types of PA have pros and con, equally having positive effects on health, but as our lives are becoming increasingly busy it would be easy to count walking to work as one bout of PA rather than having to make the effort to go to the gym.

The Role a Female Traveling Minister Played in Spreading Quaker Beliefs :: American History Religion

The Role a Female Traveling Minister Played in Spreading Quaker Beliefs One important aspect of Quaker life to understand before reading An Account of the Travels, Sufferings and Persecutions of Barbara Blaugdone, is the use of traveling ministers to spread the Quaker religion around the world. The Society of Friends, given the popular name â€Å"Quakers†, originated in England in the seventeenth century and quickly spread to the English colonies, and later to Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Turkey, and America (Sharpless 393). The most influential people in this rapid spread of the Quaker religion were the missionaries. While Quakers believed that â€Å"no one should preach the Word without a direct call from God†, they did believe that any one â€Å"male or female, old or young (395)† could receive this call. The truth of the matter was, however, that the majority of the traveling ministers in the seventeenth century were women. Usually, two women traveled together and â€Å"the pairing of a young woman and an older woman was encouraged† (Bacon 29). This discouraged women from engaging in â€Å"too familiar behavior† (31) with persons they met in new towns, or with men who would sometimes accompany women on missions. The first order of business for a woman who had received the call and wanted to travel, was â€Å"to appear before the ministry committee of her own monthly meeting, which would then discuss her request in light of her health, her family duties, and the strength and soundness of her ministry. If the local meeting felt all was well, the quarterly and then the yearly meeting had to be consulted. This took time, but prevented men and women from wandering about, preaching doctrines not in accordance with Friends’ beliefs. It also tested the strength of the minister’s original sense of mission† (Bacon 33-34). Attending all these meetings, and proving oneâ€⠄¢s resolve was the only way to receive a â€Å"traveling minute† which was not required for Friends who were not ministers, but was sought if the person intended to attend other Friends meetings while traveling. Ministers, on the other hand, did require a traveling minute if they intended on preaching in other Quaker meetings. Ministers with the traveling minute were referred to as â€Å"Public Friends† (34). Once a missionary or minister had acquired their minute and successfully traveled to their destination (which was far more perilous than you might imagine), they went about spreading the word in one of many ways.

The Apology of Socrates: Guilty or Innocent? Essay -- Philosophy essay

The Apology of Socrates: Guilty or Innocent?   Ã‚   In any case of law, when considering truth and justice, one must first look at the validity of the court and the system itself.   In Socrates' case, the situation is no different.   One may be said to be guilty or innocent of any crime, but guilt or innocence is only as valid as the court it is subjected to.   Therefore, in considering whether Socrates is guilty or not, it must be kept in mind the norms and standards of Athens at that time, and the validity of his accusers and the crimes he allegedly committed.   Is Socrates guilty or innocent of his accusations?  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What exactly is Socrates being accused of?   "Socrates is guilty of engaging in inquiries into things beneath the earth and in the heavens, of making the weaker argument appear the stronger, and of teaching others these same things" (29).   Socrates is charged with impiety, a person who does not believe in the gods of Athens.   Socrates defends this charge, claiming that he was propositioned by the gods through the Oracle of Delphi, to question people's wisdom.   He states, "...but when god stationed me, as I supposed and assumed, ordering me to live philosophizing and examining myself and others...that my whole care is to commit no unjust or impious deed."   By claiming that defense, Socrates manages to sway Meletus toward his point.   This point being that Socrates cannot both be atheistic and to believe in demons, for this would contradict his not believing in gods at all, s... ... a criminal matter nor a strain on the Athenian society, but a challenge to an oppressive and aristocracy ruling class.   Socrates became a symbol of true wisdom and knowledge, a symbol that needed to be disposed of for the elites to remain the power holders in society. Works Cited and Consulted: Plato. "The Apology of Socrates." West, Thomas G. and West, Grace Starry, eds. Plato  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and Aristophanes: Four Texts on Socrates. Itacha, NY: Cornell University Press,   1997 "Plato." Literature of the Western World, Volume 1. 5th edition by Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 2001. 1197-1219. "Plato." The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces, Volume I. 6th ed. NY: W.W. Norton and Co., 1992. 726-746.

Emotional Intelligence And The Implication Education Essay

In recent old ages companies begin to recognize the polar place of emotional intelligence and attach more importance on leader ‘s emotional intelligence development. Actually the emotional intelligence enables leaders better perform in the workplace. This essay will come to an apprehension of emotional intelligence on the footing of the writer ‘s sentiment. The first portion of the essay includes the history of emotional intelligence, its definition and the dimensions. The 2nd portion of the essay will show the deduction of emotional intelligence in service operation leading. Cardinal words: emotional intelligence, service operation leading, better public presentationIntroductionEmotional intelligence has been one of the most popular Fieldss to be developed in educational and psychological communities over the past few decennaries. Evidence suggested that cognitive ability was non sufficient for the success of a service operation leading. Particularly in today ‘s society, challenges and competitions coexist, companies call for invention and reformation. In such a complex environment, service operations leading is of critical importance in footings of service organisational public presentation for every individual service organisation. Meanwhile, the strength of the service operations leading has a close relationship with emotional intelligence. Leaderships could score high on traditional intelligence trials yet do ill in other countries in the workplace such as societal dealingss and self-assessment. Therefore, for a service operational leader, it i s ineluctable but practical to beef up emotional intelligence every bit good as to heighten leading.Historic Development of Emotional IntelligenceEqually early as in 1920, the Columbia University professor EL Thorndike foremost proposed the construct of societal intelligence. He stated that people with high societal intelligence â€Å" has the ability to understand and pull off others, and can move sagely when constructing relationship with others. And in 1926, the first intelligence trial named George Washington Social Intelligence Test was released to the populace. The trial inquiries included placing the emotional province of the characters in the image and judging the jobs in the interpersonal relationship, etc. However, in the following few decennaries the attempt in this field made by the psychological community paused down because most of them attached more importance on the research of IQ trial ( the ability of mathematic, logic, linguistic communication and spacial ability ) which assumed to make up one's mind one ‘s learning ability and farther influence the development of work public presentation in the hereafter. Until 1983, Howard Gardner ‘s Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences introduced the superb thought of â€Å" multiple intelligences † that included both interpersonal intelligence which is â€Å" the capacity to understand the purposes, motives and desires of other people † and intrapersonal intelligence which Gardner defined as the capacity to understand oneself, to hold an effectual working theoretical account of one ego and to utilize such information efficaciously in modulating one ‘s ain life, to appreciate one ‘s feelings, frights and motives. In Gardner ‘s position, traditional types of intelligence, such as IQ, fail to to the full explicate cognitive ability. He believed the definition of IQ which focused chiefly on mathematic and linguistic communication demand to be well modified because IQ merely has a high positive correlativity to school trial public presentation ( the higher IQ, the better prep public presentation ) . However, IQ does non hold important relation to other facets such as the work public presentation, feelings or life satisfaction. Gardner added several intelligences in the thought of â€Å" multiple intelligence † , including music, athleticss, self-assessment and the ability to understand others. It was the last two intelligences that made the construct of societal intelligence one time once more became extremely valued by educational and psychological communities. However, the construct of emotional intelligence was non introduced until a summer ‘s twenty-four hours in the confab between two psychological science professors, Peter Salovey, now dean of Yale College and professor of psychological science at Yale University, and John Mayer, now professor at the University of New Hampshire. They were speaking about the cognitive and emotional research and discoursing a politician who was smart but acted dumb, which led to the decision that â€Å" smart determination doing requires more than the mind as measured by traditional IQ † . Later they focused emotional intelligence on the abilities to comprehend and utilize emotions as portion of thought. The 1 who really made the term emotional intelligence out of academic circle and be good accepted by the populace as a day-to-day used term was Harvard University professor Daniel Goleman and his book Emotional Intelligence which was the best seller around states. His sentiment set off a haste to emotional intelligence globally. Goleman discovered that one ‘s emotional intelligence has an imperative impact on his public presentation in the workplace emotional intelligence either as an employee or as a leader and as the place gets higher, emotional intelligence ‘s influence gets greater. In add-on, emotional intelligence ‘s impact is even more obvious on certain types of work such as selling, gross revenues and client service.What is Emotional Intelligence?Mayer and Salovey foremost defined the term Emotional Intelligence by simply concentrating on perceiving and modulating emotion without believing about feelings. Then they reviewed and refined their earlier definit ion, expanded its content as â€Å" the ability to comprehend and show emotion, assimilate emotion in idea, understand and ground with emotion, and modulate emotion in the ego and others † Goleman ( 1998 ) described emotional intelligence as a individual ‘s self-awareness, self-confidence, self-control, committedness and unity, and a individual ‘s ability to pass on, influence, novice alteration and accept alteration There exist many different apprehensions of emotional intelligence by different psychologists. These are emotional intelligence definitions from two governments. Even though the definitions were expressed in different words, they are similar to some extent that emotional intelligence is the ability to measure and pull off one ‘s ain emotional behaviour while able to comprehend and understand other ‘s emotions. Finally is the ability to pass on and influence others through a good and close relationship. In the undermentioned portion, I will discourse my understanding on emotional intelligence in footings of five dimensions proposed by Goleman.Dimensions of Emotional IntelligenceEmotional intelligence is a set of competences and personal traits. These accomplishments contribute to a individual ‘s ability to pull off and supervise his or her ain emotions, to right estimate the emotional province of others and to act upon sentiments ( Caudron, 1999 ; Goleman, 1998 ) . H armonizing to Goleman, my apprehension of the term â€Å" Emotional Intelligence † includes five dimensions: Self-awareness Self- consciousness is the ability for us to research our single personalities, behaviour, beliefs and value systems. Because we have different reactions to the external environments, so when we assess our emotional behaviour or feelings, we will compare our current behaviour to our ain criterions and believes to derive a better consciousness of ourselves. It is the anchor of emotional intelligence ( Goleman, 1995 ) . Self-awareness may include assurance and independency. Being confident and independent, a individual can be self-asserting and responsible to do determination. A feeling of assurance and independency besides enables a individual to hold the capacity to cover with unexpected challenges and issues. Self-regulation Self-regulation is the ability to believe before moving and command negative urges and tempers in cheque. It can besides be thought of as the successful integrating of emotion and knowledge ensuing in appropriate behaviour. Self-regulation, besides known as self-management, includes facets such as keeping criterions of honestness and unity ( trustiness ) , taking duty for one ‘s public presentation ( conscientiousness ) , being comfy with fresh thoughts and attacks ( invention ) , and managing alteration ( adaptability ) . As for adaptability, John Mayer and David Caruso commented that â€Å" Manager who can believe about emotions accurately and clearly may frequently be better able to expect, header with, and efficaciously pull off alteration † . Motivation Motivation is the emotional inclination steering or easing the action toward a coveted end and motive can arouse, dominate and support certain behaviour to accomplish ends. It ‘s the indispensable and important component in puting and achieving ends. Optimism is the imperative constituent of motive. It is non about believing everything will be all right without attempt. Optimism is more about the emotion covering with danger and prehending chances for the organisation. When covering with challenge, a leader should be positive and actively happen out other ways to defuse the crisis. It is non sufficient for a leader to work out troubles with an optimistic attitude. At the same clip, a leader should be sensitive plenty to delve out the chance brought by the challenges and take advantage of them to accomplish enormous success. Empathy Empathy is the apprehension of the feelings of others, their concerns and demands, feelings, positions. It can be broken down into seeking apprehension, development of others ‘ abilities, leveraging diverseness to let new thoughts and chances to be heard, and being politically cognizant of a squad ‘s demands and power construction ( Goleman, 1998 ) . Empathy is the ability to set ourselves in person else ‘s places ; to see the universe through those who are different from us. ( Obama ) Empathy is closely related to compassion, but non sympathy. It requires you to see the universe from another individual ‘s position and acquire emotional information about them and their place. By roll uping and analysing information about other people ‘s feelings, you are able to better understand them. Social accomplishment Social accomplishment is indispensable to emotional intelligence. It is the ability to ease interaction and edifice relationships with others. Leaderships have to acquire along good with other people in the workplace, bring oning interesting responses and act uponing others with your ain personal appeal. Good societal accomplishment enables leaders to cut down struggle and increase engagement or aid in obtaining information or completing undertakings. These are five dimensions in emotional intelligence and their constituents and deductions in my apprehension. Following I will travel deep into the significance between emotional intelligence and service operations leading.The Implications for Service Operations LeadershipIn order to exemplify why emotional intelligence is importance to serve operations leading, two instances will be displayed to show the polar function emotional intelligence drama in the leading.Case oneMany Australian fire services are predominated by â€Å" bid and control † operational leading. Because the Fire Service ‘s primary function is for the protection of life and belongings. For this, the appropriate direction manner is ‘command and command ‘ . Under such leading manner, the balance between â€Å" undertaking focal point † and â€Å" people focal point † is broken. More attending is paid on undertaking focal point instead than people. Fire service employees feel und ervalued, unmotivated and suffer low morale because leaders ignore the fact that â€Å" undertaking † is achieved by people even though it is more of import. The impact of this state of affairs is that big per centum of employees are detached which means that they merely want to complete the minimal work so that they would non be laid out, stated in a recent study by the Gallop Poll. A leader without emotional intelligence might take to this circumstance. The leader without important emotional competences such as empathy, self-assessment, societal accomplishments or flexibleness is incognizant of the importance of balances the two undertakings. This sort of leader can non be effectual in decision-making or mission-assigning. Fortunately, merely 3 % of the exigency response activities are fires and exigencies, which mean the other 97 % of runing leading can be flexible and emotional to accomplish effectual direction. Besides leaders who have better developed emotional intelligence will be much more effectual in winning the Black Marias and heads of employees. After recognizing the challenge of uneven balance, Fire Services wage more attending to leaders ‘ emotional intelligence. Leaderships began to demo consideration to the fire new combatants come ining the fire service. The new entrants normally come from diverse backgrounds, ages, educational degrees and nationalities and have different believes. Be empathy and seek to understand the employees ‘ state of affairs can take to shut relationship between leader and employees.Case TwoFrank Sims was a leader in Roadway Express Inc. and he worried about the increasing harm job on lading procedure and during the transit would impact the relationship with clients. In light with the current state of affairs, Sims recalled a workshop on emotional intelligence and realized that the stevedore and drivers should understand how of import lading t he trucks was for their company. The other twenty-four hours, he called the senior transit director, the leader of one of the company ‘s most of import clients to acquire aid in videotaping and employee interview. All these stuffs were used to assist the Roadway Express employees to hold a to the full understanding about the whole concern procedure between the company and the client, the concern theoretical account and concern mission. The stevedores and drivers were impressed and they began to hold a good appreciation of the function they played in the concern procedure. They became more cautious and serious when burden and transporting. Because the services provided by service companies are intangible, they can non be felt or touched. As a consequence, it is even more hard for employees to recognize how of import their public presentation will be in the concern operation system. Sims put frontward an first-class thought to mobilise the enthusiasm of the employees and do their company better off. They do so by utilizing their emotional intelligence to make an ambiance in which people want to make and be their best. High emotional intelligence aid service operation leader to transfuse followings a sense of ends and the importance of the undertaking, stress enthusiasm, flexibleness and organisation individuality. Other benefits include: Leaderships with high emotional intelligence in service organisation may frequently be better able to expect, get by with and efficaciously manage alteration in the environment full of uncertainness and revolution. This type of leader can set themselves harmonizing to the environment, will non panic and quiet down rapidly, particularly in the scenes covering with client ailment and service recovery. Leaderships who do non hold high emotional intelligence or are unwilling to develop it might hold some troubles in set uping relationships with their foremans, co-worker, subsidiaries and clients. As being a leader, it calls for the ability to animate, to actuate, to develop subsidiaries by naming their development demands and to promote behavioural alterations ( Velsor, et al.,2010 ) . Emotional intelligence enables a leader to place and analyse ain strength and failing, why he is the manner he is and come to understand the influence on people around ( Dijk and Freedman, 2007 ) ( Velsor, Mccauley & A ; Ruderman, 2010 ) .DecisionA leader in service operation organisation has to hold DIJK, C. F.-V. & A ; FREEDMAN, J. 2007. Distinguishing emotional intelligence in leading. Journal of Leadership Studies, 1, 8-20.

Freud’s Psychoanalysis in Art: Frida Kahlo’s Surrealism

One of the most influential social scientists of his time, Sigmund Freud and his theories on psychoanalysis remains relevant today in the study of human personality and the influence of the subconscious on human thinking and behavior.Freud’s ideas on the significance of dreams, which was seen by him as the expression of human being’s innermost desire, were in fact borrowed by artists ascribing to surrealism who sought to imprint the subconscious. Surrealist paintings are thus characterized with the use of symbols and often have a dreamlike quality to them, where cannot always be taken at face value or by literal translation.It is no wonder then that Freud’s ideas have been widely used in the interpretation of works of art or even of character sketches. Freud’s theory on how personalities are developed which revolves around the main ideas of id, ego, and superego, have, for instance, been used to explain how sex and libido may be transformed into other form s of energies, or how particularly traumatic life events may have a negative effect on both adults and children when not properly processed.Likewise, Freud’s ideas of sexual repression and displacement were influential in the growth and development of the surrealist school, which drew on the rich imagery of one’s dreams, wishes, and fantasies to create their art. (West 185)One of the most notable surrealist painters, Frida Kahlo, has been a classic example of an artist whose works could be interpreted using Freudian concepts and ideas. Kahlo’s tumultuous life, characterized by wild sexual affairs with both male and female lovers, a devastating divorce, and her inability to conceive children due to a series of back operations were mostly found in the bulk of her work which were fraught with symbolisms. (West 185)In her painting entitled Self Portrait with a Necklace, Kahlo painted herself wearing a necklace of thorns and a dangling humming bird, which alludes to her suffering from divorce (as symbolized by the thorns) and to her quest for new love (as shown by the humming bird which is a traditional Mexican love amulet). (Erickson, 2005). In these self portraits,Kahlo’s entire life was depicted in her paintings. She drew her own birth, for instance, and many other events including those connected with her pain and frustration. (Levine 273) Her husband Diego Rivera was also depicted in many of her paintings in different ways: in Frida and Diego Rivera (1931) which is supposed to be a painting of their marriage, she paints him as a father-figure and herself as his daughter, which is reminiscent of Freud’s Electra complex and reveals Kahlo’s insecurity at her own husband’s authority.In another painting Retablo (1943), she captures the scene of the accident that left her under intense pain for most of her life (Kahlo and Kettenman 32) which she later depicts in Broken Column (1944) that â€Å"graphically expresses h er physical agony.† (West 184)Psychoanalysis therefore plays an important role in understanding and unlocking many surrealist artwork. In Kahlo’s case, the artist has rendered her own physical suffering in the metaphoric sense, mostly through the use of portraiture, to something that is haunting and beautiful, and one which outlasts even the pain and suffering of Kahlo’s troubled soul.Works Cited:Erickson, R. (2005). Freudian thought and the surrealist world. Downloaded from Associated Content, The People’s Media Company on March 16, 2007 Kahlo, F. & A. Kettenman. (2000). Frida Kahlo 1907-1954: Pain and Passion. Taschen.Levine, M. P. (2000). Analytic Freud: Philosophy and Psychoanalysis. United Kingdom: Routledge.West, S. (2004). Portraiture. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.   

The Bad Influences of Television

Let’s admit it. We love watching television. In fact, we love it so much that we can spend hours just sitting in front of our small boxes just to get our dose of must-see TV. Television offers us all kinds of things to keep our eyes glued to the small screen such as late night talk shows, hit comedy sitcoms, and games shows that keep you guessing which briefcase contains a million dollars. With all the hours we spend on watching television, there is no doubt that somehow it has influenced us somehow. Although that it can influence attitudes of adults, older audiences can discard certain themes since we already have our own preferences.However, television can be a very dangerous influence to young children who are still developing their brains. This paper shall discuss the negative influences of television on children and how these problems can be solved. Sex is a common problem that parents encounter with television. Some shows usually have sexual themes that are not suitable for young audiences. These images may stay with the child as they grow up and lead them to become sexually active in a very early age. Since they do not have adequate information about sex in early ages, this can cause a child to become pregnant or get infected with STDs.Aside from seeing these images, television shows may also have scenes wherein the characters are discussing sex. This is just as dangerous as seeing these images for they can also affect the child by making them more curious about what the characters are talking about. To give you an idea how violence can be a great influence on children, American viewers see an average of â€Å"200,000 acts of violence before they reach the age of 18† (How TV affects your Child) and this can be a very serious problem in the future if it is not addressed properly.Violence on television causes some problems such as emulating the images they see, traumatic stress on the child, and loss of sympathy to those who are suffering. Pr otagonists in TV shows have great influence on children. Whenever children see their favorite superhero kicking or punching the â€Å"bad guy† and save eventually â€Å"saving the day† they will think that these actions are correct as long as the superhero does it. Aside from suggesting violent actions to children, children may imitate these actions for fun because they would imagine themselves as these superheroes.Aside from causing children to imitate violent actions, these images may also cause trauma to a child. Frightening images of monsters may have some traumatic side effects on children since they still cannot distinguish the difference between the real world and a fictional one. Finally, watching too much violence on television can lead to a loss of sympathy towards people who are suffering. Just like an antagonist who fails in the end of the show, children would think that those who are suffering deserve it since they have done something bad before.Finally ob esity is another problem that parents may face with television. TV can cause children to reduce their time to play and exercise since they will be sitting down for hours. Aside from becoming very passive, children usually tend to have snacks while watching due to the commercial of the famous brand potato chips they just saw. So not only will they lack exercise, children will also begin to eat kinds of food that do not have any nutritional value, which is a very important factor in growing up.Aside from obesity, television can also cause a child to become anti-social since they would usually spend more hours watching rather than interacting or playing with others. As we have seen in this paper, television can be a very dangerous influence on children. However, there are things that we can do solve this dilemma. First of all, parents need to always monitor what their children are watching. This will allow the parent to keep their child from watching shows that are inappropriate for th eir age.Parents should also be familiar with the shows that their children are watching so they could see immediately whether or not their child can watch the show. Parents should also reason out to the child whenever they are watching television. They need to explain to their child the images they see on television to prevent them from imitating these images or seeing them in the wrong light. Works Cited â€Å"How TV affects your child. † KidsHealth. org. 20 Sept. 2007 â€Å"Facts and Statistics. † Parentstv. org. 20 Sept. 2007

Legitimate Trade And Cash Crops Essay

[European missionaries] attempted to end the slave trade, that is trade in some goods other than slaves. The anti-slavery movement was a largely humanitarian movement that began in the early 19th century. The attempt to end the slave trade also was intended to further Europeanize African societies. Not only did the â€Å"legitimization† of trade seek to end the Atlantic slave trade, but also the slave that had existed among Africans for centuries. Therefore, many aspects of the traditional African society were altered. As the slave trade died, new markets opened both to meet European demands and to take advantage of the available African labor. Most of the products that the Europeans implemented were cash crops. Various cash crops included cotton, maize, tobacco, sugar, coffee, tea, palm oil, and groundnuts. The cash crops were in high demand in the rest of the world and played a major part in the modernization of most regions of the continent. Europeans pursued the production of cash crops for the purpose of raising revenue to pay for the expenses of the colonization process. As a result, traditional subsistence farming lost importance, most nations focused on only a single or a few crops, nationalism of land occurred, and innovations were brought to Africa such as irrigation.

Emotion and Stress – Does Guilt and Sympathy Affect Helping Behavior?

Helping behavior is perceived as socially acceptable and highly appreciated. Therefore, people tend to praise others when they have helped the needy. We used to think that only those people with positive personality, such as sensitive and kind, perform helping behaviors. Nevertheless, whether one acts good or not also greatly depends on his or her emotional states. Through this psychology project, I found that people are more likely to perform a helping behavior when they feel guilty or sympathetic. Emotion is an indispensable part of humanity. It is a way for people to understand what they feel towards events and people around.Unlike lower-order animals, emotion helps people to act like a human. Serial killers are emotionless. People with emotionless may probably feel nothing when they are hurting or harming others which are highly unacceptable in society. Since people tend to engage more when they are happy but withdraw from daily activities when they are upset, we can see that our behaviors are always determined by our emotions. Yet, people tend to perform more helping behaviors when they feel guilty or sympathetic. How do these negative emotions push people to help their neighbors?Guilt is an emotion that occurs when people believe that they have violated a moral standard while sympathy is the feeling of being sorry for somebody showing that people understand and care about somebody’s problem. They are both negative rather than positive emotions. People do not feel good when they are guilty or sympathetic towards somebody. Is that true people involve more in altruistic behaviors when they are guilty or sympathetic? There is an experiment conducted by Jean Decety (2009) who is a neuroscientist studying the relationship between guilt, sympathy and helping.He is a professor of Psychology at the University of Chigago and is specialized in affective neuroscience. In the study, student subjects are required to observe their coworkers receiving shock. Some of them are made to think they are responsible for the coworker’s suffering (guilt condition), while others merely observe the suffering (observer condition. There is also a group working with coworkers receiving no shock. Later the three groups are given opportunities to help a third party who is not in the original experiment.The result shows that subjects in the guilt and observer condition are more likely than the control group to give their helping hand to the third party. The finding suggests that the feeling of guilt and sympathy and the willingness in engaging in an altruistic act is highly correlated. Subjects are more willing to help others when they feel sorry for a third person even they do not responsible for their unfortunate. At the same time, altruism may aroused merely by witnessing one’s suffering. There are three reasons for people who feel guilty and sympathetic to engage in helping behaviors.Altruism is a form of disguised self-interest and helps i n mood management while restoring one’s self-image. People help others for their own benefits. It is always unpleasant to watch another organism suffer. When one empathizes because of their misfortune, strong negative emotion is arisen. People are actually seeking to alleviate the unpleasant feelings that their distress arouse in them. It is a kind of internal self-reward. This can reduce the negative feeling by saying they have at least done their part in helping the unfortunate. Therefore, altruism is the attempt to reduce the empathetic feeling that arises in people.Besides, people help others when they are guilty and sympathetic for mood management. Both guilt and sympathy are negative emotions which are unpleasant. Therefore, they can be reduced by performing a helpful act or any other positive means. In a study (Decety, 2009), subjects who had inflicted or witnessed an unfortunate situation received an unexpected monetary reward. The result shows that subjects who recei ved rewards are less likely than those who do not receive any and remain in bad mood in engaging helping behaviors. This indicates that helping is just one of the positive means which can uplift one’s emotion.People are motivated to engage in altruistic act in order to alleviate the negative emotion associated with guilt and sympathy. Apart from that, when people feel guilty, they have probably done something wrong and regret for their actions. For instance, students have cheated in an examination. Their self-images are broken due to the negative behaviors performed. They understand that their behaviors are unacceptable and they do not want to be perceived as bad. In order to restore the self-image in others’ eye, people will perform more pro-social behaviors.This is to prove that they are still the good guy. It seems to be upsetting that if humanity performs a helping behavior just for reforming their own self-image rather than from a genuine feeling of guilt in helpi ng others. Fortunately, it is not the case. Research suggests that unwitnessed transgression causes the same amount of donation as witnessed transgression. Therefore, it is acceptable to conclude that people perform altruistic act are at least partly caused by the feeling of guilt but not a need to repair their own self-image in others’ eye. Undoubtedly, there is a use for these findings.Since many charitable organizations know very well the psychology of human, many of the fund-raising activities we can see in daily lives make use of people’s empathy. It is common to see volunteers showing photos of the needy in the less-developed countries persuading pedestrians to donate money to them. Guilty may arises as people may recall they have wasted a lot of resources and sympathy may arises as living conditions in those less-developed countries are really poor. With the arousal of these negative emotions, people may therefore engage in altruism.It is true that one’s personality largely determines the likeliness in performing helping behaviors. Yet, our willingness in performing these behaviors also depends on the emotional states at that moment. The experiment done by professor, Jean Decety, proves that the feeling of guilt and sympathy can definitely facilitate altruistic behaviors. As a result, organizations may make use of this psychology as we know that even the meanest person may have the experience in helping others provided that they are at the right emotional state.

Conference and banqueting management Assignment

Conference and banqueting management - Assignment Example The emergence of banqueting and conference sector has resulted in the generation of huge employment in the entire U.K. The scope of hospitality industry in U.K. is very high. It has been recorded that the UK hospitality sector has generated employment for more than 1.6 million people. In Britain the hospitality industries play a crucial role towards the growth of employment as it is the third largest sector that provides employment. Most of the places in UK are also famous tourist spots and this factor attracts many people to the countries. The hotel and banqueting sector has helped to receive foreign capitals from tourists and business owners. It is clear that conference and banqueting companies have great advantages but there are some issues that are affecting the sustainability of the sector in UK. For example, the Venice Carnival has resulted in the increase of the level of pollution in the lagoons and the Adriatic Sea. The traffic and crowd control has increased the expenses of the government drastically. This factor has affected the banqueting business as government has initiated policies to protect the environment and water and reduce the pollution level by imposing some restrictions on people and banqueting businesses. Most of the catering companies act as a third party to the hotels and the restaurants. The catering companies also allow their employees to participate in events organized in hotels or private get-togethers and parties. In the modern world the catering business has received huge attention from people because the catering companies are easy to hire and they are capable of performing high standard service for costumers. Conference and banqueting managers and assistants offer their service to every customer during the progression of events and private functions such as parties, weddings, dinners, business functions, trainings, product launches and presentations. The business organizations prefer to hire the banqueting

Crime analysis 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Crime analysis 2 - Coursework Example Calls for service are among the most common types of information mapped by many police departments, according to a RAND study. (Schwabe, Davis, Jackson p. 22) However, calls for service do not reflect crime, they are simply calls for service until the officers arrive and assess or address the situation. One reason calls for service should not be used is that they do not necessarily represent crime occurring. Alternatively there is the possibility that the calls are regarding the same subjects, due to the potentially repetitive nature of the 911 call system if one used the service data they run the risk of redundant responses and data. Another reason why calls for service should not be used is that they can also contain errors that regularly occur as a result of information input at the time. This is reason enough to not utilize service data calls, though there is the additional reason that the calls themselves may in fact be false calls. Schwabe, Davis, Jackson, W, L, B. (2001) "Chal lenges and Choices for Crime-Fighting Technology Federal Support of State and Local Law Enforcement." RAND. 22. Print.

Diagnosis of Depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Diagnosis of Depression - Essay Example Certain chemicals called neurotransmitters occur in the brain naturally. High-tech imaging of brain shows that physical changes in neurotransmitters causes depression in people, though certain factors like weight loss and lack of sleep might also be the causes of depression. Although it is not a main cause, yet depleted monoamine levels are commonly observed in the chronically depressed patients. Hormonal imbalances also cause depression. Likewise, there are some medicines that have an adverse impact on mood and need proper monitoring, else they can cause depression. ïÆ'˜Â  Environmental FactorsThe environment is also a possible causal factor of depression. In everyday life, people are exposed to numerous stressful situations that include but are not limited to loss of job, divorce, death of a friend or a family member, financial problems, and diseases. In addition to these factors, several unfortunate or traumatic events experienced in the past like child sexual abuse, violence, and bullying and any kind of maltreatment may affect the emotional and psychological health in a negative way. Diagnostic Criteria for DepressionBefore getting into the details of psychoanalytic theories of depression, it is customary to discuss the psychiatric criteria of diagnosis of depression as outlined by DSM-IV. According to DSM-IV, the patient needs to have at least five symptoms from the list of nine symptoms given below sustained over a period of two weeks and the symptoms bring a transition from the previous functioning.