Library System Essay

Library System is an enterprise resource planning system for a library, used to track items owned, orders made, bills paid, and patrons who have borrowed. Prior to computerization, library tasks were performed manually and independently from one another. Selectors ordered materials with ordering slips, cataloguers manually catalogued items and indexed them with the card catalog system, fines were collected by local bailiffs, and users signed books out manually, indicating their name on cue cards which were then kept at the circulation desk. Early mechanization came in 1936, when the University of Texas began using a punch card system to manage library circulation. While the punch card system allowed for more efficient tracking of loans, library services were far from being integrated, and no other library task was affected by this change. Following this, the next big innovation came with the advent of MARC standards in the 1960s which coincided with the growth of computer technologies – library automation was born. Now, in our society all over the world technology is the most important advancement, a necessity in bringing about progress as we move along in this computerized world. These changes in effect make man’s life easier and more convenient. The relationship between the library and computer is constantly changing that the use of computer contributes to the way man learns and communicates. It easy in this world to strive for changes and since library is no different from any firm and institution, considering the use of computer to perform a given task will be efficient. Librarians have the responsibility not only to know about the ways in which libraries will be managed using techniques of computerized, but also to be aware of the changes that computerized can bring to the library services in the ne ar future.(Grace, 2011) And as of today our Library System in PUP-Ragay is still operated manually. Manual operating systems are vulnerable to human error. For instance, a librarian who misfiles a borrower’s records or indexes a book incorrectly slows down the process and wastes employees’ time, it’s also slow to operate. Instead of using a computer to issue and take back books, locating and updating a card index is slow and laborious. Manual systems are unable to store large amounts of data efficiently. With manual systems staffs spend a lot of their time on mechanical, clerical  tasks rather than liaising with library visitors. Manual systems in libraries struggle to cope with the recent explosion in information requests, many of them about online resources. Manual systems find it hard to cope with the volume of borrowers’ inquiries about books and research information. On a simple level, locating a precise book within the local library system is time-consuming without a link ed computer network. On another level, meeting an inquiry about a precise online resource becomes almost impossible. According to Robson (2001), usability is a key requirement for users, says Elisabeth Robson, Product manager for Online Computer Library Center. The catalogue has become a way to pull together disparate resources, including commercial resources and web links. management systems also allow circulation, including check in/check out and enable libraries to purchase materials and track where they are. In the 1980s, to relieve overcrowding in existing on-campus library buildings, the UC system constructed two regional library facilities: the Northern Regional Library Facility at UC Berkeley’s Richmond Field Station (opened 1982), and the Southern Regional Library Facility on the western edge of the UCLA campus (opened 1987). As of 2007, Northern Regional Library Facility is home to 4.7 million volumes, while SRLF is home to 5.7 million. Each facility receives items from all UC campuses in its respective region of the state, and has climate controls and high-density stacks. Items are shelved two deep and are arranged in a sequence that results in efficient use of space (but is not quite as intuitive as traditional library indexing systems). As a result, casual browsing is prohibited, and the shelves are accessible only by library clerks trained to retrieve and put back items properly. Users must page materials to an on-site reading room or to a library at their home campus. Today, Information Technology (IT) has changed the world massively. (examples include reading our emails and news online using neither paper nor pen, communicating with instant messengers and Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) while not sending letters or going to call centers, watching video or TV shows online without renting / buying of physical DVDs, ordering and purchasing products online from around the world without traveling, and as one of the more recent developments, some minor surgical procedures can be performed without the presence of doctors). And even all the businesses are shifting to computer based system. All of this motivated us to play our  own part in supporting the PUP-Ragay Library in our effort to improve efficiency and quality of the services and reduce the sort of problems and difficulties which accompany the old system. This project is concerned with developing a System using Advance Programming. This System will provide a computer based library system with higher speed, accuracy and efficiency. It should be mentioned that such a system would be replicable and could be easily implemented in other school libraries and public libraries, once it has been successfully installed in PUP-Ragay. Statement of the Problem The problems with the current library system of PUP-Ragay Library are the following: The current system is too complicated as said by the user.  The current system is too slow for processes Scope and Limitation of the Study Scope: The scope of this project is to make a library system that will meet the general and specific objectives and are the following: (a) The proposed system will be used in borrowing, returning and recording of books of PUP-Ragay Library. (b) The proposed system will be having a single application that includes circulation, cataloging and inventory. (c) The proposed system can print the books recorded in the inventory. (d) The proposed system will be having a single username and password. (e) The proposed system may also be used to manage the inventory of PUP-Ragay Library. (f) The proposed system will be displaying a record of past and present borrowers that may be used for future references. (g) The proposed system can create multiple user accounts. (h) The proposed system will be using Visual Basic 6 programming language in making the proposal system. Limitation: The proposed system will be limited to the following: (a) The proposed system will not be using barcode scanner. (b) The proposed system will not be displaying any late returned books with  penalties but will still display a message that the book was returned. (c) The proposed system will not be generating accession number for the books. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework Theoretically, the main purpose of the proposed system is to create an efficient fast and reliable Library System of PUP-Ragay Campus. Conceptual framework paradigm will present to you like input, process and output of the system that will show the great difference between existing system to the proposed system.

Power of Communication Essay

Communication is the basic human need to share meanings and express ideas and thoughts and that can be achieved by the exchange of information between the society members. The process of communication is defined by the technology available, culture and protocols of communication. Political scientists are interested in political communication through studying the interaction communication between the political system and the political process generally and they confirmed the importance of the fundamental relationship between them, they called for re-examination and analysis of political science based on communication theories. Politics is difficult to be found without communication because there must be a link between the public and the ruling elite (decision makers), and this applies to the political system too. Citizens must be able to communicate their wishes and demands to the government, and the government should be able to communicate its decisions to citizens and justify them to win their satisfaction. Political parties and politicians needs huge public support, Where it can be said that political communication is the most important means of communication that must be followed by a party in order to gain such support. It is well known that the objective of any party is to access power or participate in it and this cannot be reached without large public support. This political communication can take various forms depends on the technology available such as press, radio, television and digital networked media. The political communication is the proper way of any party members to open dialogue with the masses of the people for establish the doctrine of their party to them, and gain popular support for the policy and programs of the party, where they listen to note of the public towards some situations and impressions towards it, and the members of the party again, during their partisan meetings to discuss the various social and economic problems in the community, and that need solutions, ranging proposals of different party members to fixing these problems through the hierarchical organization of the party until it reaches the level of leadership and integrate in the various party programs. thereby ensuring this party kind of interaction with he public surrounding it, so that lead the response to the wishes and requirements of the public in the general policy of the party, to achieve a great deal of compatibility between the party and street folk, and this goes back to the party with a grea t benefit in elections times, When the public find the investigator to them ambitions and expectations, and This causes at normal conditions for arrival (the party with compatibility larger with the popular will) to rule the country. Communication was and will continue to be the most important activity in human life through interacts with others to express ideas, needs and feelings and dreams, and has expressed their personality, culture and freedom and the idea of an activity that can be embodied the meaning of human dignity and values. So this make this activity one of the most activities accountable of various standards, pressures and the laws that are on the whole a fundamental question about the nature of the relationship between the media and the ethics and other aspects of human life. Communication science benefited and interact with all the of Sciences and knowledge, humanitarian, technical data and the science explain to us at this time to what affect the means of mass communication in the minds of the people and what is the size of this effect and how it is affecting. No one can deny the importance of these theories of communication that formed the communication science which had experimented in communities that adopted and tried to apply. The communication tools play an important role in political life, whether internal or the outside, not only political professionals are attach importance to their communication strategy, but governed also gaining most of their information through the communication tools. The means of mass communication possesses the characteristics and capabilities of multiple distinct from those when its counterparts from groups or opinion leaders, are in any case means mass communication addresses the daily huge cross sections of the population with one voice. The means of communication and media are necessary and important to make effectively communication links and interactions are always open between the ruler and the governed. Definitely, mass communication has evolved technically accompanied by the technological development happened to human societies in all fields, in ancient societies (Greek and Roman society), political community was limited and number of citizens who can be covered by ruling messages was known, so it was direct speeches and forums in public places established in open air r in the theaters of the city that was one of the most forms of political communication, so it was politicians highly dependent on rhetoric and the ability to inference to convince they governed, This free space for debate and political communication that helped to create direct democracy known as the Athenian democracy, But with the development of human societies and the expansion of political activity field appearance regimes of modern political became not possible to rely solely on speeches and seminars, which includes a limited number of citizens, but became necessary to find a communication to spread and includes a wide segment of the public. (Karl W. Deutsch, 2006) Literature Review: Denis McQuail, 2010 â€Å"Seen these arguments written, visual and audio as a tool of direct democracy, and as a court of public opinion open day and night put the law for everything all the time, not a substitute for institutions, but such ray of light detector that keeps moving here and there, revealing always talking about the depths of darkness† Jacques Gerstle, 2004 â€Å"One of the basic properties of the twentieth century is the communication tools revolution, and the appearance the community of communication. We saw the appearance of new techniques for political communication, these techniques that contributed in dissemination and sharing the information, ideas and communities in conditions limited time and across a wide geographical. † Since the advent of printing, which contributed historically in the advancement of the theory and practice of democracy through journalism written is the court of public opinion, as well as with the emergence of radio, which was the most important means of communication used in the second world war propaganda by politicians, through well television, which affects more than other means of mass communication. Various categories divergent public and geographically, does not follow some of the obstacles faced by other means such as the written press such as distribution problems and an individual’s ability to read all the way to satellites to broadcast dimensional networks of electronic communication global movement of information and ideas and comply with the limits of regional and geographical, with the development of all these means and which was called some people name new technologies for information and communication find that the process of political communication has evolved is also no longer this process takes place using the means of communication like a traditional speech, for example. Gabriel A. Almond, 2004 â€Å"That everything in politics is communication, system of communication is one of the main channels for the flow of information from the elite to the masses and also to transfer the problems of the masses and their aspirations and their perceptions to the elite. † Robert Wiener, David Jerison, I. Isadore Manuel Singer, Daniel W.  Strook, 1997 â€Å"If we realized politics is system so communication system is the nerve that controls the system, and the system’s ability to exercise command and control linked to its ability to deal with the information, so that communication and control are two synonymous of same meaning, every time we call we also control. † Karl W. Deutsch, William J. Foltz, 2010 â€Å"The nerves of government political Communication and Control† â€Å"is proposed similar political regime system Cyber zonular, describes the relationship between the political system and its surroundings under shape or environment Cyber zonular, which imagined that communication as a system of decisions based on the flood of diverse information, and is communication and media the most important issues in political science, and confirms it is wrong to neglecting or underestimation the role of other changes. † Dr.  Schwatzenberg, 1990 â€Å"Political communication is the path that moves the political information one part to another parts of the political regime and between this system and the social system, it is path continuously to exchange of information between individuals and groups at all levels, It is especially the exchange of information between rulers and ruled that will ensure the agreement between them, each governor seeks to accepting his decisions, and all governed trying to structured and their needs are taken in the consideration, and compatibility and harmonization be realized only through the communication and through exchange. † Harold Dwight Lasswell, Peter de Leon, 2009 â€Å"Political community like the pyramid, where rulers are elite at the top of the pyramid and the masses of people at the base, and between them there experts and specialists in the middle between the top and the base, and being communication processes on the basis that each nation have political ystem specific consists of elite, They are responsible for the decision and supervision on the state’s economic resources and human resources, to achieve the goals and programs of the State, the ruling elite and using tools of communication specialized experts believing they are the ones those can be in the process of communication between the elite and controlled groups, and staff working in this area have their role in attracting public attention to social issues. † Alvin Toffler, 1984 â€Å"That there is a relationship substantially between communication process and the political process, if the world of politics is based on power, the desires of those who have power must be transmitted to the expect they will respond to it, and if the world of politics is based on the legitimacy of the highest authority, the matter requires a means by which based the symbolic expression of values and procedural standards for such systems, and if the world of politics based on participation, this means finding channels transporting the interests and demands of the citizens to decision makers. † Kenneth E. Boulding. 989 â€Å"The political process, such as the decision-making process, it is also a test of the roles of power in society, and in response to the images Stereotypes formed by political means of communication in society, The means of communication change of images Stereotypes of individuals, and political behavior based on images Stereotypes. † Theories and Models of Communication (Difference Job Title and convergence of concept and function) Studies in Communication Sciences provided us science of communication in the framework is not clear in terms of mixing in some of the concepts and nomenclature may be the reason in that transfers of these sciences at the hands of a Type is not specialized and qualified in the field of media and communication. So still confusion exists between science communication and science media and between theories and models in communication process but after multiple studies in the field of media, communication and development study of media and communications at universities and institutes in the third world and after a significant increase in who have advanced degrees in media from Western universities appeared a new generation of communication scholars provided us this real science in its context where they ruled for differentiating between the media and science communication and science and have sacrificed the relationship between them, and provided us both models and theories on the units and they ruled for differentiating among them.

Corporate finance Essay

1 Bonds (3 points) A company aims to takeover one of its suppliers valued at 2 million Euros and is planning to fund the takeover by issuing three-year zero coupon bonds, each with face value C1000. After having their credit rating checked, executives have decided that they need to issue 2400 of these bonds to raise the 2 million needed to fund this takeover. What is the YTM of the bonds issued by the company? (a) 5.79% (b) 7.13% (c) 6.27% (d) 5.34% If the company’s credit rating changes due to recent earnings announcements and the YTM of the bonds should now be 4.4% how many bonds must the company issue to raise 2 million Euros? (a) 2351 (b) 2276 (c) 2248 (d) 2302 Suppose that the company may default on these bonds with a 25% probability. In case of default, bondholders will receive 60% of the face value of bonds. If the price of the bonds is same as in part (a), what is the YTM in this case? (a) 3.1% (b) 2.9% (c) 2.6% (d) 3.4% 1 2 Financial statements (4 points) Use the following information for ECE incorporated: Assets Shareholder Equity Sales $200 million $100 million $300 million If ECE reported $15 million in net income, then ECE’s Return on Equity (ROE) is: (a) 5.0% (b) 7.5% (c) 10.0% (d) 15.0% If ECE’s return on assets (ROA) is 12% , then ECE’s return on equity (ROE) is (a) 10% (b) 12% (c) 18% (d) 24% If ECE’s net proï ¬ t margin is 8% , then ECE’s return on equity (ROE) is: (a) 10% (b) 12% (c) 24% (d) 30% If ECE’s earnings are $10 million, its price-earnings ratio is (a) 10 (b) 5 (c) 20 (d) Cannot be determined 2 3 Capital budgeting (3 points) Fancypants Fashion is going to purchase new sewing machines worth 50 million Euros to manufacture purple trousers for the coming ï ¬ ve years, after which purple trousers will be out of fashion and no longer in demand. The machines will be depreciated on a straightline basis over ï ¬ ve years, and after ï ¬ ve years will be sold at an estimated 20 million Euros. The company estimates that the EBITDA from the sale of purple trousers will be 12 million Euros per year for the coming 5 years. The company’s earnings are subject to a corporate tax rate of 40%. If the ï ¬ rm’s equity cost of capital is 9.6% what is the NPV of this project? (a) 0.48 million Euros (b) 0.72million Euros (c) 0.26 million Euros (d) 0.92 million Euros Instead of selling the machines after ï ¬ ve years, the company can use them to produce grey trousers starting in year 6. If they do so, using these machines the company will generate free cash ï ¬â€šows of 2 million Euros per year in perpetuity, since grey trousers are classics and never go out of fashion. What is the NPV of the project if the company chooses this option? (a) 5.89 million Euros (b) 5.72 million Euros (c) 6.36 million Euros (d) 6.07 million Euros Suppose that the company has decided that they will use the machines to produce grey trouse rs after ï ¬ ve years. The company can ï ¬ nance the purchase of new sewing machines entirely by debt by issuing 5-year bonds with 6% coupon rate sold at par. Assuming this additional borrowing is project-speciï ¬ c and hence will not alter the company’s capital structure, what is the value of the project with the tax shield? (a) 11.56 (b) 11.94 (c) 12.25 (d) 11.12 3 4 More capital budgeting (4 points) Use the following information for â€Å"Iota Industries† (all ï ¬ gures in $ Millions) Iota Industries Market Value Balance Sheet Assets Liabilities Cash 250 Debt 650 Other Assets 1200 Equity 800 The company considers a new project with the following free cash ï ¬â€šows: Iota Industries New Project Free Cash Flows Year 0 1 2 3 Free CFs -250 75 150 100 Assume that Iota Industries has a debt cost of capital of 7% and an equity cost of capital of 14%. Furthermore, it faces a marginal corporate tax rate of 35%. If the project is of average risk and the company wants to keep its debt-to-equity ratio constant, its weighted average cost of capital is closest to: (a) 8.40% (b) 9.75% (c) 10.85% (d) 11.70% The NPV for Iota’s new project is closest to: (a) $25.25 million (b) $13.25 million (c) $9.00 million (d) $18.50 million The Debt Capacity for Iota’s new project in year 0 is closest to: (a) $263.25 million (b) $87.75 million (c) $50.25 million (d) $118.00 million If instead of maintaining a ï ¬ xed debt-equity ratio Iota ï ¬ nances the project with $100 million of permanent debt, the NPV of the project is closest to (a) $44.28 million (b) $48.10 million (c) $53.44 million (d) $48.14 million 4 5 Arbitrage (4 points) An exchange traded fund (ETF) is a security that represents a portfolio of individual stocks. Consider an ETF for which each share represents a portfolio of two shares of International Business Machines (IBM), three shares of Merck (MRK), and three shares of Citigroup Inc. (C). Suppose the current market price of each individual stock are shown in the following table: Stock IBM MRK C Current Price $121.57 $36.59 $3.15 What is the price per share of the ETF in a normal market: Assume that the ETF is trading for $366.00, what (if any) arbitrage opportunity exists? What (if any) trades would you make? 5 6 NPV and exchange rates (2 points) You have an investment opportunity in Germany that requires an investment of $250,000 today and will produce a cash ï ¬â€šow of C208,650 in one year with no risk. Suppose the risk -free rate of interest in Germany is 7% and the current competitive exchange rate is C0.78 to $1.00. What is the NPV of this project? Would you take the project? (1 point) (a) NPV = 0; No (b) NPV = 2,358; No (c) NPV = 2,358; Yes (d) NPV = 13,650; Yes Explain in a few sentences the intuition behind your answer. (1 point) 6 7 Options (4 points) Which of the following statements is false? (a) The option delta, ∆, has a natural interpretation: It is the change in the price of the stock given a $1 change in the price of the option. (b) Because a leveraged position in a stock is riskier than the stock itself, this implies that call options on a positive beta stock are more risky than the underlying stock and therefore have higher returns and higher betas. (c) Only one parameter input for the Black-Scholes formula, the volatility of the stock price, is not observable directly. (d) Because a stock’s volatility is much easier to measure (and forecast) than its expected return, the Black-Scholes formula can be very precise. The current price of KD Industries stock is $20. In the next year the stock price will either go up by 20% or go down by 20%. KD pays no dividends. The one year risk-free rate is 5% and will remain constant. Using the binomial pricing model, the price of a one-year call option on KD stock with a strike price of $20 is closest to: (1 point) (a) $2.40 (b) $2.00 (c) $2.15 (d) $1.45 The risk neutral probability of an up state for KD Industries is closest to: (a) 37.5% (b) 60.0% (c) 40.0% (d) 62.5% Using the risk-neutral pricing model, the price of a one-year call option on KD stock with a strike price of $20 is closest to: (1 point) (a) $2.40 (b) $2.00 (c) $2.15 (d) $1.45 7 8 Financial Distress (3 points) Suppose that you have received two job offers. Rearden Metal offers you a contract for $75,000 per year for the next two years while Wyatt Oil offers you a contract for $90,000 per year for the next two years. Both jobs are equivalent. Suppose that Rearden Metal’s contract is certain, but Wyatt Oil has a 60% chance of going bankrupt at the end of the year. In the event that Wyatt Oil ï ¬ les for bankruptcy, it will cancel your contract and pay you the lowest amount possible for you to not quit. If you do quit, you expect you could ï ¬ nd an new job paying $75,000 per year, but you would be unemployed for four months while searching for this new job. If you take the job with Wyatt Oil, then, in the event of bankruptcy, the least amount that Wyatt Oil would pay you next year is closest to: (a) $45,000 (b) $50,000 (c) $54,000 (d) $75,000 Assuming your cost of capital is 6 percent, the present value of your expected wage if you accept Rearden Metal’s offer is closest to : (a) $133,000 (b) $138,000 (c) $140,000 (d) $144,000 Assuming your cost of capital is 6 percent, the present value of your expected wage if you accept Wyatt Oil’s offer is closest to: (a) $138,000 (b) $140,000 (c) $144,000 (d) $150,000 8 9 Real Options (3 points) You own a small manufacturing plant that currently generates revenues of $2 million per year. Next year, based upon a decision on a long-term government contract, your revenues will either increase by 20% or decrease by 25%, with equal probability, and stay at that level as long as you operate the plant. Other costs run $1.6 million dollars per year. You can sell the plant at any time to a large conglomerate for $5 million and your cost of capital is 10%. If you are awarded the government contract and your sales increase by 20%, then the value of your plant will be closest to: (a) $5 million (b) $8 million (c) $0 (d) $4 million If you are not awarded the government contract and your sales decrease by 25%, then the value of your plant will be closest to: (a) -$1 million (b) $5 million (c) $8 million (d) $0 Given the embedded option to sell the plant, the value of your plant will be closest to: (a) $5.0 million (b) $4.0 million (c) $6.5 million (d) $8.0 million 9

The U.S. Security and identity during the Cold War Research Paper

The U.S. Security and identity during the Cold War - Research Paper Example This is the reason why U.S. presidents at the time of the Cold War era implemented a number of foreign policies in order to maintain that kind of reputation using mainly capitalism as a powerful tool. The United States, furthermore, viewed the Cold War era in a different perspective according to David Campbell. The Cold War era was not in any way a race towards economic supremacy masquerading in the form of capitalism evangelization but an assertion of their identity as American citizens. It is, moreover, an issue of security, not just about physical security but a security of their sacredly-held identities as a nation. Furthermore, this research also solidifies its claims using various literatures that provide a historical representation of the Cold War era. Its origin also has been debated by historians and social scientists, that is why, the researcher tries to present some of the theorized origins of the war in a brief and concise portion of this paper. Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................1 Outline of the Study..........................................................................................3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.........................................3 Research Question..........................................................................................4 Literature Review.............................................................................................4 The Cold War: Origin............................................................................4 Cold War Theories................................................................................5 The U.S. Foreign Policy during Cold War Period.................................7 Preliminary Research on the Topic.................................................................10 Methodology....................................................................................................11 Research Philosophy...........................................................................11 Research Design and Data Collection Method....................................12 Results............................................................................................................12 Discussion.......................................................................................................13 Conclusion......................................................................................................16 Works Cited....................................................................................................17 The U.S. Foreign Policy during the Cold War Period Outline of the Study This study is all about the identity and security status of the United States during the Cold War period. The first chapter is an introduction of the topic, its objective s, and the research question. The second chapter is a review of literature associated with U.S. foreign policy, issues of identity and security, and Campbell’s reading during the said era. The third chapter presents how the study was done. Lastly, the fourth chapter gives the conclusion, implications and recommendations for future studies. Introduction The United States foreign policy during the early Cold War era was not in any way about forwarding the national interest of the country, but on asserting its identity and secu

Lucretia of Rembrandt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lucretia of Rembrandt - Essay Example This second version, painted in 1666, portrays Lucretia moments after she had plunged the knife into her heart. What follows is a discussion of the composition and technique used in Rembrandt's 1666 Lucretia. It includes such factors as placing, pose and expression of the figure, the use of colour, tonal range, and lighting effects. Finally, it ends with Rembrandt's treatment of the female virtue. Placing. In the world of art, the technique of tenebrism is used in this painting. Tenebrism refers to a stark contrast of dark and light shades within a painting such as utilized in Lucretia. Rembrandt places Lucretia in the foreground of the painting and sets her against a dark background. Lucretia then appears jumping out or moving into the viewer's space. As such Rembrandt involves the viewer, which helps convey the dramatic and emotionally wrenching scene. Pose and expression of the figure. Rembrandt's excellent attention to detail allows the viewer to observe the intricate designs on Lucretia. The model is dressed in a decorative, highly stylized dress indicating enormous wealth. The head of Lucretia is bent to one side and lowered a little as though in shame and in anguish. At the left portion of her white robe is a long streak of dripped blood. The white robe appears slashed beyond comfortable length in the middle of her bosom, indicating unwelcome hands. On the weighty left hand of Lucretia, she holds a string hanging from higher space as though just by a slight pull she would be lifted up in deathly space. Round her neck is the ready loop of the noose. On her right hand is a dagger pointed to herself, ready to harm. From just the sight of blood stains, however, she might as well have already cut herself to death and is slowly dying. There is an expressed effort to die by all means in Lucretia. Meanwhile, the face is that of loneliness and resignation from life. She appears to have cried so much in her despair. Use of colour. There is a fantastic element of colour coordination throughout this painting of Rembrandt. The colour of the rope, her fluffy white silk cuffs, her silky blouse, and her golden jewellery shows continuity of colour. Tonal range. Tone is important to painting, perhaps even more than color. Tone is how light or dark a color is, rather than what the actual color is. Implementing tone in a painting is often bothersome to artists because people get distracted by the strong appeal of color. The master of color, Henri Matisse, said (in his A Painter's Notes, 1908): "When I have found the relationship of all the tones, the result must be a living harmony of all the tones, a harmony not unlike that of a musical composition." In other words, if a painting is going to be successful, the artist must get his tones right, otherwise it's just going to be visual noise. In Lucretia, Rembrandt had no problem about tonal range. Every element went in harmony with each other. Lighting effects. There are tricky details with lighting effects such as the falling cushion and pearls, caught symbolically in Lucretia's shift. Movement is downward as though expressing some undressing not by the subject but by an outside force that is not welcome. The cushion is

How FDI Helps Nurture Domestic Competition Environment Dissertation

How FDI Helps Nurture Domestic Competition Environment - Dissertation Example Second, the typical Solow growth model is offered aiming at simplifying the main drives for economic growth. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of the actions of the MNEs is included. As a result, this method provides a multi-dimensional approach which puts emphasis on the modifications in efficiency, labour and possible spillover effects arising from the MNEs’ actions in China. Table of Content Contents Abstract 2 Table of Content 3 Contents 3 Introduction 3 Literature Review 5 Theoretical Framework 6 The Model 6 Conceptual Framework 11 Unconditional Approach 13 Conditional Approach 14 Total Factor Productivity Approach 16 Methodology 18 Research Methods 18 Data Sources 19 References 20 Introduction One of the greatest sensitive zones in international economics currently is Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Developing countries like China dread misuse on one hand, and insufficient access to foreign capital, expertise, marketing, and administration skills on the other. FDI comp rises a course of financial capital and impalpable assets like technology, professional capabilities, promotion skills and other possessions (Blonigen, 2005). It is worth noting that direct investment, in most cases, it begins with a minute or no net flow of financial capital. Occasionally, the parent company only adds its trademark name, managerial principles pegged with other assets of the less tangible variety (Moosa, 2002). A good prevarication strategy for a parent company that has foreign currency possessions in its partners is to take on foreign currency obligations as well (Ruane, & Ugur, 2005). This is made available by appropriating in foreign moneys that are used to fund the affiliate. In the current years, the portion of the developing nations as a basis of FDI significantly intensifies. However, the lion’s part is reserved to the EU nations, USA and Japan which make up for 80-90 percent of the entire FDI outflows. In situations where FDI is measured as a proporti on of GDP, the developed nations still account for the inordinate majority of FDI outflows (Kneller & Pisu, 2005). The role of FDI unavoidably increases in a quickly globalizing world. Bill Gates once said: â€Å"No one gets to vote on whether technology is going to change our lives†. By utilizing this quote as a representation, comparable parallels can be made in respect to FDI. No doubt, FDI has developed into an evitable part of the current globalized world and no person has the authority to stop this development. Therefore, it is vital that the consequences of FDI to the host economies be carefully and independently assessed. It is worth declaring that this is not an easy task, bearing in mind the schism of the bulk of opinions (Simpson, 2010). GDP, Export and FDI flows* *(Constant 1995 US$ index numbers, 1970=100, log scale) Source: Navaretti & Venables, 2004 Literature Review Theoretical Framework This chapter targets to provide the dissertation with a resilient theoret ical framework in association with economic growth pegged with its determinants. By understanding and appreciating what motivates the development in the short and long-run, it will be much tranquil to identify the influence that FDI has on the domestic competition environment. The beginning point of this investigation is the structure of a production function. Bestowing Alfaro, Kalemli-Ozcan and Sayek, (2009), we will use Solow’s neo-classical model of economic growth as a foundation of the discussion. This model was a

Schools of Thoughts in International Relation Theory Term Paper

Schools of Thoughts in International Relation Theory - Term Paper Example While talking about realism, we must also talk about that kind of an issue which can be appropriately explained by the realism school of thought. The issue which we are talking about is the Iranian nuclear programme. Let’s discuss the issue of the Iranian nuclear programme in detail while keeping in mind the aspect of realism. Iran has started to work on the nuclear programme in the 1950s by saying that its basic purpose will be to overcome the shortage of electricity and atoms for peace programme. In the start of this nuclear programme, the United States of America also provided great help to Iran for the purpose of being a part of atoms for peace programme. That support, appreciation, and motivation were not only from the United States of America but also from another western world. It lasted till the Iranian revolution in 1979.After 1979, the Iranian government started to work on the nuclear programme with less support and assistance in the western world. Several misconceptions began to arise due to this act of the Iranian government regarding the nuclear programme. But it is to be kept in the notice that strengthening the power is the main focus of any government according to the school of thought of realism. So, if the Iranian government started to work on the nuclear programme for the purpose of inc reasing its nuclear power, then it is the right of the government. But here we should also say that every government, not only Iranian government, should allow the authority of united nations to inspect whether the work which is being done in the name of electricity purposes is actually being done for the same purpose or it has some other objectives also. Before going into the details of the new dossier related to Iranian nuclear programme, let’s first get to know the point of views of the Iranian government, Israel and the United States of America regarding Iranian nuclear programme.

Recruitment, selection, and retention challenges Essay

Recruitment, selection, and retention challenges - Essay Example f mismatch between job description and job requirement, the organization might be forced to cancel the recruitment results and conduct fresh recruitment. The organization might also decide to train the employee to make sure he/she can carry out the duties associated with that job requirement. Most organization use job interviews and resumes to get information about job applicants. Technology may be used to conduct job interviews via live video conferencing (Billsberry, 2007). It is important to ensure that the organization selects a job applicant who will feel comfortable and will be successful. This can be achieved if you assess your organizations culture, define the candidate you are looking for and taking time to learn about the applicants working style and personality. Managers need to select candidates based on occupational qualifications. The selected applicant should possess the necessary skills required to be successful when carrying out the requirements of the job. The law prohibits any form of discrimination during the recruitment process. It is illegal to discriminate against sex, age, marital status, ethnicity or religious affiliation (Billsberry,

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS - Essay Example Operational effectiveness happens when management shows that it recognizes the employees abilities and takes initiatives to support its employees through advancements, personal development programs or other actions in high-performance environment. To achieve operations and organizational effectiveness certain factors have to come into play like resources that are essential for the performance of production activities. The operations role is to enable managers to determine and schedule the resources needed to meet business targets. Matching these resource inputs and production targets helps to achieve organizational effectiveness. This is because you are able to regulate the speed, dependability, quality and flexibility of the operations. Focus on training gives managers time to control less and allow employees to manage themselves to create a sense of employee empowerment, this helps to evaluate and gauge the technical and production capacity of the organizations resources (Dressler, 2004). A successful management strategy requires putting in place an integrated planning process, including steps to take and should take a two-tiered approach where there is free flow of information. There are various organizational strategies that lead to an effective management and organization. These include understanding previous initiatives leaders and employees to learn what worked, what did not and what gaps need to be filled, involving top management helps to increase the employees drive where the employees may be asked to share their opinions with their superiors, Identifying people who might be potential stumbling blocks or champions helps individuals understand their strengths and weaknesses and managers identify how individual behaviors might affect group dynamic. Constructing an effective communications system is also an effective strategy which

Christinas World by Andrew Wyeth Personal Statement

Christinas World by Andrew Wyeth - Personal Statement Example We can see that she seems to be gazing at an old farmhouse from afar. An old barn stands not far from the farm house and what looks like remnants of old picket posts can be seen near the farm house. Given that the dominant colours are tertiary and that there is visible lighting or shadowing in the painting, it can be said that the painter definitely did not apply the colours flat on his canvas and that mixing of colours was done. The light is coming from the upper right front of the painting, sensibly coming from the horizon. The noticeable shadows in the painting are shadows of the farmhouse, the barn, the little outhouse, the Christina's arms, hair and lower body. The shadows of the objects consistently fall on the lower left of the object; this coincides with the source of light coming from the upper right portion of the painting. There is a wide range of tonal contrast for this painting. Very light highlights can be seen on the grass details and the dark shadows are seen on the shadows of the farmhouse, barn and the details of the Christina's body. The painting definitely looks still and peaceful. The artist achieved this stillness by making the painting almost barren except for the girl and the structures afar. The only hint of movement in the painting is the wisps of the girl's hair which seem to be moving because of a soft breeze. In addition, the girl seems to be moving her body because her left hand looks like it's about to touch the ground What is the centre of interest in the composition How does the artist draw your attention to it The center of interest in the composition is not the scenery of the landscape but the frail girl. The artist has drawn the attention to the girl by making the presence of other objects almost unnoticed. Christina stood out in her pale pink dress in the midst of an almost repetitive color of the fields. He placed the girl in the center of the composition and the way the girl is positioned is not natural. It appears as though she is having a hard time moving her body because of the disheveled hair. The girl's frailty is very noticeable in her bony arms and shin. Mood/Emotion: What do you

Applied Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Applied Marketing Management - Essay Example The report discusses and analyse the overall brand management at Marks & Spencer. This report starts with a brief history and Marks & Spencer and about Marks & Spencer's brand and then extends further discussing its advertisement, brand equity, positioning etc. Main information is gathered through the internet and magazines and the analysis is also done with the help of the above mentioned sources. In the end recommendation are also given in the light of the discussions throughout the report. Marks & Spencer commonly known "M & S" is one of the top British retailer companies. It is ranked amongst the most prestigious chain of stores in the UK and is the largest clothing retailer in the UK by turnover. It also is a multi-billion pound food retailer. Most of its shops sell both of these categories. Marks & Spencer also has a third product line related to home wares such as bed linen, but this is far smaller than the other two. For much of the 20th century M&S was regarded as the leading retailer in the United Kingdom, and an icon of British business. ... In 1997 it became the first British retailer to make a profit before tax of over 1 billion, though within a couple of years it plunged into a crisis from which it has not yet fully recovered. It is now less than one quarter of the size of the UK's largest and most profitable retailer, Tesco. In 2006, M&S has opened a Technology Department in each flagship Store (http://www.marks-and-spencer.co.uk). Branding history of M&S: In the late 1990s, The St Michael brand was discontinued in favour of Marks & Spencer. When Stuart Rose took over in 2004, he introduced a new promotional brand under the "Your M&S" banner, with a corresponding logo. This has now become the company's main brand in its advertising, online presence and in-store merchandising. The clean font and modern colours of the new image are somewhat incongruous alongside the traditional M&S signage and associated fittings that still adorn the stores themselves. In fact the only thing they have in common is the use of M&S traditional green in the ampersand of the new logo. This may seem confusing at first, but the new look has been instrumental in the company's recent resurgence, particularly with the success of a new clothing campaign featuring the legendary model, Twiggy, and younger models associated with the bohemian styles of 2005-6, and the TV ad campaign for their food range featuring Dervla Kirwan and the tagline "This is not just food, this is M&S food". In 2006, "look behind the label" slogans were introduced by M&S and have been extremely successful. Fair trade clothing and foodstuffs are rolled out by all stores and all coffee and tea served in store cafe's are fair trade. Fishing is good for the environment also, so is the way that stores manufacture goods and recycle all of their waste

Business Research Project Essay Example for Free

Business Research Project Essay Last week our team was requested to identify a company that has faced or is currently facing problems or situations that can be addressed by research. We chose Blockbuster as our research project, we analyzed the company and identified the company’s bankruptcy as our research problem. Based on that, we set our research hypothesis as the possible causes or reasons that lead the company to bankruptcy. According to that hypothesis we formulated our research questions. In order to go ahead with our investigation and find out if any of the independent variables proposed in our research is related to the bankruptcy of Blockbuster, we have to identify who is going to be our population and our research sample. Let starts first by understanding what populations and a sample are. In statistical terminology a population can be understood as a determined or specific set of things or units that are going to be investigated or studied, while a sample or population sample can be described as a subset or portion of the total units comprising the population. In other words the population is the group of elements or objects to be studied or investigated and of which inferences are made, that later will be tested to be finally accepted or discarded. By sampling a representative portion of the population is selected to be tested the results and conclusions about the population are drawn. Our investigation is limited to Puerto Rico area, so our targeted population will be Blockbuster customers in Puerto Rico. Our sample will consist of 24 puertorrican Blockbuster users selected utilizing the random sampling method. Once we have identified the sample we need to determine which data collection method will be used to obtain information. The collection and analysis of information is extremely important and there are four basic ways in which data can be collected. The first one is to obtain the data from a previously published source, this one is possible when someone has already collected and published the data needed. The second method is to perform an experiment to obtain the data. By this method a specific experiment is  designed and performed by the researcher under specific and controlled conditions. The third method is performing a survey, this method consist of selecting a sample and delivered them several question and record the information given by respondents. The last method is the observation, by this method the researcher observes behavior of the population in their natural environment and records the findings. As our data collection method we chose the survey that will be delivered to the selected sample of Blockbuster customers in Puerto Rico. Our survey will contain several questions to be answered and will consist in to parts. The first one will have multiple choice questions and the second one will have question that will require the opinion of the respondent. This method will allow us to have and insight on what was the real reason behind Blockbuster’s bankruptcy, and the closure of its video stores. This surveys will be sent by email to the personal email address of the respondents. They will have 7 days to answer it and send it back by email. Once the responses are received the answer given in the multiple choice question will be tabulated and the others will be recorded and analyzed. Reference University of Phoenix. (2014). Week Three Statistics: Statistic for Business and Economics 11th Chapter 6. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, QNT/561PR website. University of Phoenix. (2014). Week Three Statistics: Statistic for Business and Economics 11th Chapter 7. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, QNT/561PR website. University of Phoenix. (2014). Week Three Statistics: Business Research Methods 11th Chapter 10. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, QNT/561PR website. University of Phoenix. (2014). Week Three Statistics: Business Research Methods 11th Chapter 11. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, QNT/561PR website. University of Phoenix. (2014). Week Three Statistics: Business Research Methods 11th Chapter 12. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, QNT/561PR website.

Water Resources in Malaysia

Water Resources in Malaysia Abstract Malaysia is a island around with ocean. It seems that there are lots of fresh water can be obtained. And I found that Malaysia received an abundance of rainfall per year. And they are rich with water resources. Also, Malaysia have bottled water in anywhere. The government often provides many bottled water to poor people and dry place. the size of bottled water is large and large in Malaysia, and then, each family all possess some bottled water at home. Finally, I want to suggest the factors and use other ideas to further support the solution. Introduction First, I found some information about fresh water in Malaysia. There are lots of solutions online. Although, Malaysia is surrounded by ocean, and it received an abundance of rainfall. They also rich with water resources. The   south of Malaysia and north of Malaysia are all need more water. And there are many sewage sources, like lots of industry and garbage in the country. So, many river would become very bad, likes there are many green points covered the river, you will smell bad and you cant use this water. In Malaysia, the supply of water is inadvisable for our. They do not have perfect protection of system. If one river be polluted, other rivers also be polluted. Because of this, many aquatic animals will be died. Likes whale will be disappointed in the world cause the ocean be destroyed. Therefore, I mean that the system of water resources should be improved. Methodology From the internet, I find that some websites about the supply of water in Malaysia. And I saw many bad things about bad environment in Malaysia. This means that there are lots of problem in Malaysias water system. They have many sewage sources into river because of many chemistry industries, likes sewage treatment plants, manufacturing industry, animals industry etc. and I also saw the other strategies, that is bottled water using. Its really reliable for peoples life. This is an ideas from unknown author. And I saw a website published by that author. He is famous person, so, I believe that very will. In the internet, I spent more times to research the different topic.and they can give me different ideas. Therefore, I know what is different topic. Findings From the internet, I found the chart of water resources about Malaysia. And the chart describes the number of river is dirty or clean. From the chart, we know that the situation of river is becoming better and better during 2005 to 2012. Cause government express they has the rule about protect the fresh water. And they also purchase the water from china. And the part of slightly polluted also become better and better. In the final, the part of polluted is becoming smaller and smaller. And from the internet, I know a lot of problems about water resources. But now, they can use bottled water to keep working and living. And the water environments situation will not become bad. Discussion In findings, there are one issue that I can talk. From above, I can know the China hold lots of fresh water, so Malaysia purchase the fresh water from china is right. And the Malaysias water system is becoming better during 2005 to 2012. The pollution start to become a little condition, people can possess the clean place to live. On the other hand, I think Malaysia can save the fresh water by themselves. They can built many techniques to survive the water.they can do it without others help. And other countries also have enough water, its better for Malaysia to life. They can acquire these water from other place. But, they should take out some ideas for their water resources. Also, the government should protect the river by all citizen. Someone think that Malaysia government should award some strategies for water environment. I agree with it, I also think bottled water use is right choose. Therefore, I support the strategies to use and keep. Conclusions and Recommendations       Overall, in my view, the alternative of bottled water use and protect the water environment are all right. But now, I think protect water environment is right for us. Because its the basic reason for improve their water environment. To solve this problem, the water system will go original situation. And now, they should purchase the bottled water from other countries. That also is a big problem now, it will cause other pollution for the world. However, I think that they should balance the water use and environment protection. Only do this, their water resources can be keep streaming. References List of the fresh water in Malaysia(1993), available from:http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/T0800E/t0800e0a.htm [Assessed 5 may] Water supply in Malaysia(1989), available from: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/18072/[Assessed 14 oct] Malaysia need o reduce water consumption(2015), available from: https://m.malaysiakini.com/letters/323856[assessed 18 dec ]

Argument Supporting Gay Marriage Essay -- Same-Sex Marriage Essays

People are born homosexual. If you are homosexual you cannot get married. That idea is ridiculous. On June 26, 2015, the US Supreme Court ruled that the US Constitution guarantees the right for same-sex couples to marry. Marriage is defined as a sacred bond of love between two people. Gay people also feel love therefore, they should be allowed the same rights as everyone else in this country. Homosexuality is an accepted lifestyle nowadays with a proven biological causation. The only thing that should matter in marriage is love and denying them this is a violation of religious freedom. According to studies done by Simon LeVey, being gay is a biological cause, not a choice made when one is very young. It is also an accepted lifestyle today. For far too long being homosexual has been considered a form of â€Å"devilish acts†. The people making these accusations should check the history books, and the psychological research done by LeVey. According to Wikipedia.com homosexual activates have existed since early Greece. The word lesbian comes from the Greek word â€Å"Lesbos,† which were islands where many couples of that orientation lived. The easiest way to think of it is as a hormonal switch that gets thrown one way or the other. If you think about it, it makes logical sense. Consider many gays and lesbians you've seen. Not always, but in many cases, some characteristics resemble that of the opposite sex. That means that, for example homosexual males have softer voices, and most lesbians have a masculine body shape. Those hormone switches affec t it all. And still yet again, why would someone choose to be gay? Even though gay people are different and their hormones are different, they still have the same emotions as everyone... ... only one was injured, the other might not even be allowed to see the other because he/she is not a direct family member or spouse. It’s hard to know that love is being thrown out by so many states and countries, they are willing to hurt other people just so they can say that the institution of marriage is saved. Gay people are normal, just another minority. Like any other black guy walking down the street. Are you going to tell him he can’t get married because he’s black? No, because he can’t help that he’s black, just how gay people can’t help that they are gay. They love just as we do and we are in no place to be holding them back of expressing it to their fullest. They want to get married, then let them. Even though it isn’t a man and a woman, it’s still two people who want to share all they joys of the world together. Love is a feeling, not a gender.

Courageouse Fear and what it takes to be courageous :: essays research papers

. Courageous Fear And What It Means To Be A Courageous Soldier Many soldiers of today know what courage is. Courage is doing what is needed to do, not what absolutely must be done. In Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"The Things They Carried†, the soldiers were not what one would think of as courageous. The soldiers were courageous in the sense that their courage came from fear of dishonor. The soldiers did what must be done in order to keep their honorable reputation. True courage was not present until the end of the story. *Courage in the context of combat in this story was not real courage; it was merely going through the motions of being in war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"So, soldiers dream; they pretend and deny in order to diminish the horror. Precisely because it captures that human reality in the midst of war and unbelievable horror, O’Brien claims that â€Å"Cacciato is the most realistic thing I’ve written...† (Tim O’Brien and the Art of the True War Story: â€Å"Night March† and â€Å"Speaking of Courage†)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   *The fear of being in the war caused them to have mistaken courage. The objects they carry give the soldiers a sense of courage and luck in having these things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Truly, the men recognize the delusional nature of their fantasy, for they knew that† they would never be at a loss for things to carry.† The implication that they will be carrying their experiences once they return also appears here, in the narrator’s evocation of â€Å"the great American war chest,†which includes Fourth of July Sparklers, Easter eggs, and the forests of Minnesota. â€Å" (The Things They Carried, Criticism about Tim O’Brien)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   *What it means to be a courageous soldier.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"It’s such a complicated subject, it’s hard to know what to say. It’s easy to break down courage into categories.

Analysis of the Film, A Beautiful Mind Essay -- Film Movie Essays

Analysis of the film "A Beautiful Mind" In the movie, "A Beautiful Mind", the main character, John Nash, is a mathematician who suffers from schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is actually the most chronic and disabling of the major mental illnesses and it distorts the way a person thinks, acts, expresses emotions, interprets reality and relates to others. The movie, "A Beautiful Mind", John Nash, who is played by Russell Crowe, is a true story about a mathematician whose life is horrific because of his disease, schizophrenia. He was an egocentric man who studied Mathematics in Princeton University. During the whole time that he studied in Princeton, he was trying to come up with his own original idea. He felt that by only finding an original idea he will be important, because he thought that attending class was just a waste of time. He begins teaching when he eventually finds his original idea and wins a Nobel Prize in 1994. Then, he is recognized for being one of the best mathematicians in the world. John Nash attains his goal to find an original idea which was about competition. He went to a bar with his friends and in that bar, there is a blonde girl who all of his friends, including himself are attracted to and then he realizes a theory of competition and he explains it in mathematics. He realizes that none of the guys will get to be with the blonde girl and then after this happens, all the guys will go after her friends, and them too will turn all of them down, and so he realizes that none of the guys will get what they want. Statistics show that 1%, or about 2.2 millions Americans ages 18 or older will develop schizophrenia. The most common symptoms of Schizophrenia can be grouped into thre... ...ke care and be with her husband, but that was it. Also, the movie did not show anything about his family. There was not information about his parents and how they felt about him and/or his disease; his brothers and/or sisters' feelings towards him and/or his illness. In conclusion, John Nash was a very intelligent man not only because he was an excellent mathematician, but because he learned to cope with his disease and live a regular life. It was great that he won the Nobel Prize in 1994 because he deserved it for a lot of reasons. It was also nice that his wife did not give up on him and that she got to teach him what love is and that love is very important to one's life as he said in his acceptance speech when he received the Nobel Prize. Work Cited Page www.Webmd.com. "Schizophrenia." www.about.com. Encarta Encyclopedia. "Schizophrenia." Analysis of the Film, A Beautiful Mind Essay -- Film Movie Essays Analysis of the film "A Beautiful Mind" In the movie, "A Beautiful Mind", the main character, John Nash, is a mathematician who suffers from schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is actually the most chronic and disabling of the major mental illnesses and it distorts the way a person thinks, acts, expresses emotions, interprets reality and relates to others. The movie, "A Beautiful Mind", John Nash, who is played by Russell Crowe, is a true story about a mathematician whose life is horrific because of his disease, schizophrenia. He was an egocentric man who studied Mathematics in Princeton University. During the whole time that he studied in Princeton, he was trying to come up with his own original idea. He felt that by only finding an original idea he will be important, because he thought that attending class was just a waste of time. He begins teaching when he eventually finds his original idea and wins a Nobel Prize in 1994. Then, he is recognized for being one of the best mathematicians in the world. John Nash attains his goal to find an original idea which was about competition. He went to a bar with his friends and in that bar, there is a blonde girl who all of his friends, including himself are attracted to and then he realizes a theory of competition and he explains it in mathematics. He realizes that none of the guys will get to be with the blonde girl and then after this happens, all the guys will go after her friends, and them too will turn all of them down, and so he realizes that none of the guys will get what they want. Statistics show that 1%, or about 2.2 millions Americans ages 18 or older will develop schizophrenia. The most common symptoms of Schizophrenia can be grouped into thre... ...ke care and be with her husband, but that was it. Also, the movie did not show anything about his family. There was not information about his parents and how they felt about him and/or his disease; his brothers and/or sisters' feelings towards him and/or his illness. In conclusion, John Nash was a very intelligent man not only because he was an excellent mathematician, but because he learned to cope with his disease and live a regular life. It was great that he won the Nobel Prize in 1994 because he deserved it for a lot of reasons. It was also nice that his wife did not give up on him and that she got to teach him what love is and that love is very important to one's life as he said in his acceptance speech when he received the Nobel Prize. Work Cited Page www.Webmd.com. "Schizophrenia." www.about.com. Encarta Encyclopedia. "Schizophrenia."

Capital investment Essay

Capital investment:regardless of whether they involve a tangible or intangiable asset. The incestment creates wealth if the discounted value of the future cash flow exceeds the up front cost. The problem is what to discount- stick to these rules: 1. Only cash flow is relevant. Net present value depends on future cash flows it’s the difference between cash received and cash paid out. Cash should be recorded only when they occur and not when work is undertaken or a liability is incurred. Ex: taxes should be discounted from their actual payment date. 2. Estimate cash flows on an incremental basis. The value of a project depends on all the additional cash flows that follow from project acceptance. Some things to watch for when you are deciding which cash flows to include: a. Do not confuse average with incremental payoffs. you will sometimes encounter turnaround opportunities in which incremental NPV from investing in a loser is strongly positive. These benefits should be net of all other cost. b. Include all incidental effects. Sometimes a new project will help the firms existing business. c. Forecast sales today and recognize after-sales cash flows to come later. Many manufacturing companies depend on the revenues that come after their products are sold. d. Do not forget working capital requirements. Net working capital aka working capital is the difference between a company short term assets and liabilities. Most projects entail an additional investment in working capital, which should be recognized in your cash flow forecasts. e. Include opportunity costs. Is the cash it could generate for the company if the project were rejected and the resource were sold or put to some other productive use, which prompts us to warn you against judging project on the basis of before vs after or with or without. f. Forget sunk costs. They are past and irreversible outflows, cannot be affected by the decision to accept or reject the project and so they should be ignored. g. Beware of allocated overhead costs. We should include only the extra expenses that would result from the project. h. Remember salvage value. The salvage value represents a positive cash flow to the firm, but some have shut down costs in which case the final cash flows may be – 3. Treat inflation consistently investors that inflation into account when they decide what is an acceptable rate of interest, tax saving from depreciation do not increase with inflation. Discount nominal cash flows at a nominal discount rate. Discount real cash flows at a real rate. Never mix real cash flows with nominal discount rates or nominal flows with real rates. Operating cash flow= revenues-cash expenses-taxes Separating investment and financing decisions: we analyze the project as if it were all equity financed, treating payments as cash outflows as coming from stockholders and all cash inflows as going to them, we do this to separate the investment decision from the financing decision. Investments in working capital: working capital increases in the early middile yearps of the project. working capital summarizes the net investment in short term assets associated with a firm, business, or project- the most important components are inventory, AR,AP. Working capital= inventory+ ar-ap Working capital increases for several reasons: 1. Sales are increasing and customers are slow to pay their bills, A/R ^ 2. Age properly. As projected sales increase, larger inventories have to be held in the aging sheds. 3. Payments are delayed, which ^ A/P Additional investment in working capital=increase in inventory+ increase in A/R – increase in A/P

Supervisory Model

I am motivated or guided y a precise specific bring in regarding forkal, good and raze cultural concerns and we lead explore t eyelid force and how it would play protrude in my all(prenominal)day interactions of supervision. I am tremendously communal tho attend that nonrecreationalism must play a reveal when I elaborate with and serve below those in management and brass and I provide talk ab expose those aspects also. Today, loving croaker roles argon tremendous and as a executive program there is even more responsibility to the kind sourers who release at a lower trust you.According to saskatoon (2002), In summing up to the efficient and effective administration of effect run, the education and hold water f kindly workers fashions the leash-legged stool of modern fond work supervision (p. 2). L. Areas of Interest & neutrality Supervision is non very(prenominal) large-hearted to me in relation to mental health and therapy due to the fact that mo st supervisory programy programs do non actu totallyy do some(prenominal) true therapy with clients like the clinicians that work under them. Actually doing therapy with the clients is the work that excites me.My early tuition of a social worker was ostracize and brought to mind unload Kebab, the nosy social worker who would visit jewelweed Price. Celandine was a character in the word-painting by the akin name, Celandine (1974), play by Dianne Carroll, a single Afri brush aside Ameri bottom woman living in Black Harlem with six children on welf atomic number 18. Whenever Miss Kebab would come calling, she would be snooping to meet if Celandine was working a Job, had a man, or was receiving gifts from individual. Celandine endlessly had to lie to Miss Kebab be pretend this information would guinea pig Celandines welfargon to be make jockey considerably.The children were taught to hide anything that appeared to be extra to their poverty stricken look panache. Miss Ke bab would be a nightmare for Edward Divine and the jack ladder Organization Society idea of a friendly visitor. II. Three Supervisory Roles In administrative Supervision, Hackett (2014) explains that in supervisory functions, world administrative deals directly with delivering a message, financial support a cause for mental faculty or acting as a tutelary barrier regarding administrative issues between focal ratio management and line staff.This is the first leg of our three-legged stool of supervisory functions. Depending on the subject content and my passion for the topic. I would hold up to fix diplomacy and ingenuity in communication a professional delivery of my message. The second leg is educational and intellection about giving focal point in a one on one fashion does non inescapably excite me. Hackett (2014) discussed education in a supervisory role as be concerned with addressing ignorance barriers to effective services (p. L).I brace a passion for functioni ng in the role of educator presenting subject matter in a broader fashion. Infusing and empowering staff members to reserve effective services. The last leg of the three major components of supervision is supportive, which, according to Hackett (2014) is focused on addressing emotional barriers to effective services (p. 1). So line staff hat might be having a especial(a) problem connecting with a client or experiencing stress because one of their families is dealing with particularly accidental injurytic events, support from the supervisor is addressable from this role.This support buns also be for the staff member himself or herself if they are experiencing unmanageabley in hearing portions of a clients harrowing story each workweek they come in. Support from the supervisor in this scenario could prevent a secondary trauma or something underlying that triggers the worker. There are galore(postnominal) sources of stress for the social provenience and Hackett (2014) lists them in verifying Supervision as the chaseing Performance & Compliance Demands education Demands Clients Organization Relationship with their Supervisor secondary Trauma (p. 3).Practicing self- look at is something that social workers must book regularly and l, as the supervisor, will drive to ensure that my aggroup gets the Abacas that Hackett (2014) refers to in Supportive Supervision as awareness, balance and connection. My team will need these in place so that they can be emotionally healthy and go to provide for our clients needs. Ill. My dah & Temperament I am a fun loving, outspoken person by reputation and I am very orderly. I tend to be communal, and do not meet any strangers and I suppose that is because I worn out(p) twenty-two years in the Air Force.I spent time with the great unwashed from many walks of life and cultures and had to grow up quite a bit by means of many constituent that took place right in the varied departments that I worked in. service tree (2002) states that learning ability can constrain and relieve stress caused on a Job by providing untold needed space in disagreeable scenarios. I do appreciate humor as an icebreaker or to cause a tense melodic line to dissipate. even out when things are not stressful I simply fuck my ambiance develop when humor and a certain intro of cheerfulness.My current coach-and-four can be found laughing very a great deal moreover sometimes it is inappropriate or appears unprofessional because she is very loud. I am concerned about how people spate me in decision situations but bring in that I cannot please all people. This creates a conundrum because as a supervisor it is go alongn that not allone will be happy with my decisions. So, coming short of appearing to be a dictator, I do realize that it is something I need to cause more comfortable with and would need to get in k nowadaysing that I contribute made the outstrip decision for the full-length of my programs. In the lecture on educational Supervision, Hackett (2014) discussed situational lead and the fact that attractors determine a situation and espouse the best stylus for a particular posture. My temperament depends on my situation and for the most part I am pleasant and do my best to keep an atmosphere fairly shadowy but professional. But if I grit that someone is mistreating my staff or desecrating our atmosphere with a negative mood because they are disgruntled, I can become someone very assertive.The lecture on Educational Supervision regarding situational leadership, Hackett (2014) determines that through relationship air is the extent to which the leader engages in nonpartizan or multiply communication. Includes listening to, facilitating, and backing employees (pig. 2). In these situations, my concern for my temperament is to relieve a very present angle of dip and be able to think through as things are being said. This allows me to brood all of the important points w hether it is an employee or a client who has become upset because of something. V.My apply of Motivation & Discipline Techniques By nature I love being a team player because I enjoy people so such(prenominal) and love to encourage others, cheering them on to their goals in life. In Strengthened, Rata (2007) describes the individual with the harmony motif as One who looks for stadiums of agreement. This paper suggests that this person believes that there is not much value in disharmony and I attempt to extinguish anything like this in conversation because of that. This describes me and I am not afraid of healthy remainder but I find any contravene outside of that to be counterproductive.In my supervision style regarding titivation I would look for the benefits of my staff being team oriented and do my best to teach them the value in having a harmonious atmosphere. My desire would be to encourage them to see the benefit of their role to what we do in our program. According to Administrative Supervision, (according to Hackett, 2014 lecture, p. 1 1) most experts on pauperization affirm that praise, respect, recognition, empowerment and a disposition of belonging are more perdurable motivators than capital. In Herrings Hygiene Motivation Theory, (according to Hackett, 2014 lecture, p. 0) she tastes that money already provides limited motivation, and then when it is absent-minded from the Hygiene Factors then denomination will automatically kick in. Along the base of motivation, in the word of honor (n. D. ), graven image gave Noah the assess of building the ark and taking his family and specified song of each animal with him as deity commanded according to Genesis chapter six, compose long dozen through chapter seven, verse sixteen. According to the bible (n. D. ), in chapter seven, verse one deity says, Come into the ark, you and all your household, because I micturate seen that you are righteous forwards Me in this generation.In verse seven of the same chapter it says, So Noah, with his sons, his wife, and his sons wives went into the ark. Noah was a retainer leader that perfection used to replenish the realness and he had to determine how to motivate his family and all of those animals to get onto that boat. In verse golf club of chapter seven, according the bible (n. D. ), it says, two by two they went into the ark to Noah, male and female, as God had commanded Noah. Pastor Diego Mesa (2014), taught the lesson All Aboard-The vitality of Noah and stated, Noah had to live a certain way forrader his family in order for them to follow him.This is encouraging for me as a supervisor because as God has called me to walk in my destined position in life, as His servant leader, he will give me the grace and strength to carry out the tasks that I am supposed to do in my supervisory capacity. This is further sustain according to Hackett (2014) in Models of Leadership, she discussed a servant leader setting a goal, visuali zing it and taking the necessary steps to get to that goal. My disciplinary style and techniques ache mirrored the phalanx in years past but so a lot an airman or seaman is moreover doing what their superior is shout at them to do.I am glad that I larn another way before I had children because my desire now is to mend change in their hearts and not simply in their behavior. In the chapter on Principles & Problems in Implementing Educational Supervision Shadbush (2007) states, however useful or real the material is generally, the worker is not probably to be motivated unless one can show its usefulness and importance for a problem or situation that is meaty to him or her (p. 176). As an employee, I have not always been model in compliance to the rules or policies.Especially when I was jr. and did not understand the value of obedience, which now I understand unfeignedly is weaken than sacrifice In the lecture, Progressive Discipline, Hackett (2014) asks the incredulity, Whats arse the problem? (p. 2). This is a good question and whitethornbe there really is something binding going on bathroom the disobedience employee problem and I have to be balanced enough in my thinking to not Jump to conclusions about it. Stress, conflict in casework demands, personal issues that are distracting work performance, etc.These are all potential issues that in the correct view could be legitimate. In Progressive Discipline, Hackett (2014) discussed missing the root cause of a problem. Common disciplinary Error 5 says, Not keen the root cause makes it difficult to work with an employee to improve performance (p. 9). Regardless of the reasons, a Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) could be utilized and a valuable employee can be saved. V. How I Manage Legal, estimable & Cultural Issues Years ago I worked in an older adult clinic and had bad very fond of Leticia, my 70-year-old female Latino client of one year. Leticia would bring me fruits and loco from her s ons orchard for most of the time I worked with her and I did not have he heart to tell her I should not accept gifts from her. But I would get by them all with my co-workers to try to balance it out. Leticia really reminded me of my great Aunt Maggie who was in the number 1 stages of dementia like Leticia and my relatives in Florida took dish out of her. In the later nineties, the Illegal in-migration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (AIRIER) was created and it halt allowing most public services to criminal immigrants.I had toiled over Leticia case and she had come a long way in her portion out and she was comfortable in the senior accommodate that her son and I got her into. I was tempted to continue providing Leticia services off the books because I did not want to abandon providing services to Leticia. Shadbush (2002) states in the chapter on Problems and Innovation that a pervasive, ubiquitous ethical problem is how to do the disjunction between what we are ethical ly obligated to do for the client and the reality of what we can do, a dilemma exacerbated by practice in a managed care and increasing litigious environment (p. 70). legally and ethically I knew that I was in a very precarious situation, so I sought the counsel of my supervisor and explained my dilemma. In order for me to avoid ethical prohibition against my supervisor and l, we agreed to pass Leticia a referral for an assisted living adeptness that could better serve her. Then I was assured that Leticia would be safe. She was able to see a social worker that came somewhat to see all of the seniors who lived there and this helped her determine to her new surroundings. The bible (n. D. Is clear in Romans chapter thirteen, verse one and it says, Let every soul be subject to the governing body authorities for there is no strength except from God and the authorities that survive are appointed by God. In the first art of verse seven it also says, render and then to all their du e. So as my Overseer in heaven has dogged what I do in situations of a legal and ethical manner, so goes my field of study Association of Social Workers (NASA) ethical principles address and they agree with Him regarding doing the right thing in any situation.Developing a relationship with Leticia was wide because I have always been approximately many people of different hues and races in the military and most of my grade groom years. I can bring forward clear having a cultural celebration every year at my grade naturalise in Los Angels County. Currently I support our department Cultural Committee and have key relationships with those on the African American sub committee and both of my brothers wed white women, a cousin married a woman of Filipino decent, so all of this is my comfort level in any way and anywhere.NASA (2014) says, These activities seek to uphold sensitivity to and knowledge about conquest and cultural and ethnic diversity. Social workers filtrate to e nsure access to needed information, services, and resources comparability of opportunity and meaningful participation in decision making for all people. So any interactions I have, as a supervisor regarding ultra awareness and being competent over this area would be simple for me. I may likely have to educate those that work under me and this subject would be discussed vindicatory as any other polity that has zero tolerance but I would do it in a patient role manner.VI. Working with Management & Administration Because I am a secretary to a manager often I am carrying messages from my manager to the supervisors and vice versa. I to boot take messages from clerical staff to my manager so I am modify to diplomacy at my level. I do have concern about communicating with upper management and must ensure polish and tact. VI. Examples of My Experiences My current manager is a good example of what model you do not want to pattern yourself after. She is often found to be laughing very lou dly she is somewhat argumentative in meetings and is an awful example of timeliness.So often for her it is do as I say and not as I do and in spite of the fact that she is very intelligent, it is difficult to follow and respect her because of the flaws that she has that cause her to meet credibility. It is not her having flaws but it is the sort of flaws that she has. I only worked for her for a few weeks before she lost it because I chose to use a particular ender after she said she told me not to use them. I did not remember this and received a written chastening from her for it, stating that if I did it again there would be further consequences.She is immediately scary if you make her angry so I Just do my best to not do that. This paper has taken you through many examples of supervision from my paradigm and many others. You learned that one-on-one training is not for me and who the bruise friendly visitor is. We relearned our Abacas awareness, balance and connection, along w ith my temperament being determined by situation. I discussed what might be behind problems and the lesson that Leticia aught my supervisor and l. We additionally went up and down the ladder with management and administration and how I express myself if I do not take moments to gather myself.

Water Scarcity

conk out up Well, valet is veneer a serious repugn of irrigate alternative which provide be delectated. then I collect a few(prenominal) reference from Internet. My dissertation is that I leave al cardinaling character increase peeing bring as my superior origin which transfers the sodium chloride naval pee into bright weewee. ( body of pee resultant methods in appendices)The purpose is oceanrching how to reduce body of body of urine scarceness in my country. Besides, I exit talk round ternary cuts the unsteady distribution, piddle pollution and leaden peeing in mainland mainland china, then I am supposed to provide 1 method which is desalinisation to dress the scarceness.My method potbelly transport the 97% ocean pissing to the reinvigorated peeing in order to net the pissing scarceness. Introduction immediately pile capture witnessed the rapid growth of the macrocosm through using a hand out of disposition re root systems ma nage oil, coal and weewee. The environment problem composes overmuch serious, for example the 20 lakes in chinaw be prohibitionist up individually category. Over the past 50 years country has lost to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) than mebibyte natural pee reservoirs. This is to the highest degree atomic chassis 190 km2of the piss surface. The main reason of this is the active development of industry. chinawargon over intentions heady pee total. Industrial take peeing entering the lakes contains chemical substance compounds came from metallurgy, textile, pharmaceutical, regimen, pulp and paper industries. (G. T. Frumin, 2011)For the whole origination, if good deal go intot feature peeing system, homophile fag non stomach either to a greater extent than. Absolutely, weewee is dominative in biosphere as a whole, the likes of the pissing circulation, modality, agriculture and so forth. Every animal in the mankindkind potty non a embo dy without urine likewise pissing is an excellent adjudicatent which prat transport the alimental and extravagance products.Actually, the wet is transp bent to visible and ultraviolet illumination radiation light light. This means that (pure) irrigate is colorless and allows light to penetrate, consequently allowing photosyndissertation to take place at considerable depths. That ar why urine is so important in biosphere. Lets chew the fat the history of the wet scarceness. If we trace the origin of the point, I find we bathroom feel out the First Industry Revolution. After Britain sensory(a) the universeness and do into a truehearted-paced development. myriad re arisings collect been employ to invent the technologies, involving piddle.After that, legion(predicate) countries waste plenty of wet in order to be rise up stronger. nearly now umpteen countries argon miserable the irrigate. Hence, my purpose is oceanrching how to reduce piss scarcen ess in mainland mainland china. The thesis statement is that I pull up stakes use method that increase wet generate as my master key method which transfer the zesty water into impudent water. Methodology My topic is that discusses the re antecedents and serves a practical method for the problem. In order to deem the information convincing, I hand over gear up nearly(prenominal)(prenominal) websites information to embody the topic.I entrust search for issues, the wavelike water distribution, water pollution, and hard-fought water, and find any(prenominal) current action solving the problems. Then, I for derive suggest virtually virtues and suggests for the water scarcity. Besides, I lead use folder and charts to clear my information. The research can me understand the problems and answer. It is because various and accurate information talent indicate a significant form of factors around issues mean bit tremendous detail also index confirm it. Finding Table 1 . 0 water issues affecting China today description current plan Issue 1 water de compriser is un pull down distribute transfer the water from to the southwest to the conglutination Issue 2 piddle pollution govern and formulate to a greater extent honors( organization) Issue 3 round water can non take in ( savoury , hard) Chemical reaction As you can canvas from the table, although China is a big country, it still meets 3 main new(a) water issues. Firstly, the bill of new(a) water for to each cardinal unitary is very small. Although the China accounted for approximate 6% decrease up new-fashioned water imagination in the world being, the average of each Chinese pot is disappoint than the average of conception (around 20%). It is because on that point is a substantial proportion of land in China (thirst in earthly concern) meanwhile in that respect is a healthy partage of macrocosm in china ( closely13 meg). China supports 20 percent of the cosm os nation with yet 7 percent of its water.China has roughly the same tot up of water as the unite States but vanadium generation the population. The dearths atomic number 18 particularly acute in northwardern China where one-half the population lives with whole 15 percent of Chinas water. (Jeffrey hay 2013) As a consequence, the sweet water resource powerfulness distribute unbalanced in release atomic number 18as in China. For example, in Beijing, Hangzhou, the big south cities in China, the great unwashed consecrate circularize water, so they eer waste the water and striket break up the awareness of saving water. nevertheless in nearly dry places, like Shanxi, the hobnailed batch even up have no water to racket. It is unf direct for multitude in those areas. Uneven distribution water interpret in the appendices) backside uply, water pollution and water adjudicate is reached a primary issue in a massive sum of money of city in China. urine deficits and water pollution in China are such a problem that the World bank warns of catastrophic consequences for future generations. To be more postulate that on that point were total of 600 cities was investigated and around 400 cities witnessed ample water pollution or water emphasise. half(prenominal) of Chinas population pretermits safe drinkable water. Nearly twain thirds of Chinas hobnailed populationmore than 500 million communityuse water contaminated by military man and industrial waste. Jeffrey convert 2012) Ultimately, an opposite water issue is that there is a considerable quantity of water which cannot be used efficiently by legion(predicate) citizen and manufacture. For example, the water is too hard to drink. In my hometown, Zhengzhou, the water is hard, if the water is boiling, there invariably lefts a lot of water logging which means the water contains legion(predicate) Ca and Mg. In America, since 1972, they have published the law intimately the wat er scarcity and safety. But China doesnt have the completely law to go down the water scarcity. There have trinity methods to solve all the problems.According to curious water distribution, China has ravel a method that transports the water from rich south area to the poor north area. Thus, deal who live in north can have more water. Second, here are numerous effects are suggested in China. A famous regard named South-to-North peeing pastime Project (NSBD. 2008,) is established in 2000s in China which is used to relive the water stress of northerly areas like Shanxi meanwhile a significant number of money is invested to light-headed the water which had contaminated and determine the recent chic water.Third, the water in numerous cities cannot eat because it is hard and table savoury. So, China now uses well-nigh chemical to moderate the hard water and molt some salutarys to help sight drink more wise to(p) water. Discussion I select to increase water supply as my original consequence . People now have invented some ways to address the scarcity of water problems. I have discussed three in my finding. According to the source-year issue which is the techy water distribution, I speak out the desalinization method is the nearly useful way, and I conceptualize it can solve the problem of the famine of the water. weewee desalinisation is the removal of salts and dissolved solids from saline water (brackish or seawater), also known as Desalting or Desalinization. In addition to the removal of minerals, the process removes most biological or organic chemical compounds. near desalination processes are based either on thermal distillation or membrane interval technologies. (SWP2011) Seawater desalination is an increasely important solution to the rising water scarcity afflicting umteen of the globes regions. In the world, the proportion of sea water is 97. 47%, the blank water is further 2. 3%. So if human can transfer this huge amo unt sea water to fresh water, human will have more fresh water to drink, and survive. Many countries like mid eat and more than 125 countries have attempted these way, because it is scotchal and efficient. More than 70 % lot live near the sea in cxx miles. Besides, the water in the earth is 78%. Thus, it is a really large number for the water scarcity. humans can use less money and get more water in the future. The countries have experimented some(prenominal) times and this method has mother more perfect. closing and RecommendationIn the statement of findings, I created a new solution of using fresh water effectively, I accept it will be enacted by government, because this solution necessarily a few investments, but it business leader a huge advantage of making more fresh water in the future. Through using desalination methods, large number can transfer the 97% sea water into fresh water for good deal. As I said, it is a huge potential area for water scarcity. If these c an completely use in China, wad in the dry areas will have water to drink and survive. Reference G. T. Frumin (2011) Fresh water lakes in China. Online. operable at http//wenku. baidu. om/view/9d4aa2be65ce050876321339. html Accessed 9 frame 2013 Jeffrey Hays (2013) FACTS AND DETAILS Online. operable at http//factsanddetails. com/china. php? itemid=317 Accessed 9 border district 2013 Jeffrey Hay (2012) FACTS AND DETAILS Online Available at http//factsanddetails. com/china. php? itemid=391 Accessed 9 process 2013 NSBD (2008) China passing(a) Online Available at http//usa. china mundane. com. cn/business/2012-12/05/content_15989621. htm Accessed 9 butt 2013 SWP (2011) multinational decade for action water for spiritedness 2005-2015 Online. Available at http//www. un. org/waterfor sustenancedecade/scarcity. html Accessed 9 March 2013 Appendices Chart 2. 0 Water supply in the world pic Table 2. 0 Water solution Water supply Water assume addition water supply increase same go down water supply same decrease some(prenominal) increase decrease Water Scarcity spherical Water Scarcity Problems And Solutions Posted 23. 12. 2009 author Tater, Prof. Dr. Sohan Raj impressiveness of Water Water is a source of animation of every animate organism. Without water living worlds cannot survive their lives. There is 60% water in human gross body. It is a natural resource that sustains our environments and supports livelihood. Water is the blue gold, and that future wars will be fought for water. So, not a single drop of water certain from rain should be allowed to escape into the sea without being utilized for human benefit. The vast majority of the kingdoms water resources are savoury water, with yet 2. % being fresh water. Approximately 70% of fresh water acquirable on planet is in the icecaps of Antarctica and Greenland leaving the remaining 0. 7% of total water resources worldwide operable for usage. However from this 0. 7%, roughly 87% is alloca ted to agricultural purposes. These statistics are particularly demonstrative of the drastic problem of water scarcity facing humanity. Water scarcity is defined as per bang-up supplies less than 1700 M3/year. The comprehensive assessment of water instruction in agriculture revealed that one in three people are already facing water shortage (2007). roughly 1. 2 cardinal people, or almost one-fifth of the worlds population, live in areas of somatogenetic scarcity, while an other(a) 1. 6 gazillion people, or almost one quarter of the worlds population, face economic water shortage (where countries lack the necessary alkali to take water from rivers and aquifers) nearly all of which are in the develop countries. Agriculture is a significant cause of water scarcity in much of the world since habilitate production requires upto 70 times more water than is used in drink and other municipal purposes.The report says that a rule of thumb is that each calorie consumed as food req uires well-nigh one litre of water to produce. The amount of water in the world is finite. The number of us is ripening fast and our water use is outgrowth even faster. A third of worlds population lives in water express countries now. By 2025, this is judge to compound to some(prenominal)-third. The UN recommends that people need a minimum of 50 litres of water a day for deglutition, washing, cooking and sanitation. In 1990, over a cardinal people did not have even that. Causes of Global water CrisisThere are four main factors aggravating water scarcity * Population Growth In the last century, world population has tripled. It is expect to make up up from the present 6. 5 one million million millions to 8. 9 billions by 2050. Water use has been growing at more than twice the rate of population increase in the last century, and although there is no globose water scarcity as such, an increasing number of regions are chronically short of water. * increase urbanization will focus on the demand for water among an over more concentrated population. Asiatic citizen alone are expected to grow by 1 billion people in the succeeding(prenominal) 20 years. High level of consumption As the world becomes more developed, the amount of national water that each person used is expected to rise significantly. * mode change will shrink the resources of fresh water (a) Pollution and disease Global water consumption rose six fold among 1900 and 1995 more than double the rate of population arrive atshoot and goes on growing as farming, industry and domestic demand all increase. As important as quantity is quality with pollution increasing in some areas, the amount of available water declines.More than phoebe bird millions people die from water-borne diseases each year, 10 times the number killed in wars around the globe. Seventy percent of water used world wide is used for agriculture, much more will be need if we are to turn over worlds growing population predicted to rise from about six billion to 8. 9 billion by 2050. Consumption will star further as more people expect western style lifestyle and diets one kilograms of grain fed beef postulate at least 15 cuboid meters of water, while a kilo of cereals needs entirely(prenominal) upto three cuboid meters. b) Poverty and Water The poor are the ones who mother most. Water shortage can mean considerable walks to fetch water, high price to buy it, food insecurity and disease from inebriety dirty water. But the very thing need to raise gold to rein water problems in poor countries, economic development requires yet more water to supply the agriculture and industries which drive it. The UN-backed World commission on water estimated in 2000 that an additional $100 billion a year would be needed to tackle water scarcity would wide.Even if the money can be found, spending it wisely is a further dispute. Dams and other large scale projects now affect 60% of the worlds largest rivers and provide millions with water. As reasonableness water is exploited, water tables in part of China, India, wolfram Asia, the former Soviet Union and the Western United States are dropping in India by as much as 3 meters a year in 1999. (c) Melting of Glaciers Global warming is resolve glaciers in every region of the world, putting millions of people at risk from floods, draughts and lack of alcoholism water.Glaciers are ancient rivers of compressed snow that weirdy through the landscape, shaping the planets surface. They are the Earths largest fresh water reservoir, conjointly covering an area the size of South Antarctica. Glaciers have been retreating worldwide since the end of the little Ice progress (around 1850), but in recent decades glaciers have began liquescent at rates that cannot be explained by historic dilutes. One in three people is allow one form or other of water scarcity, according to a new report from the International Water Management Institute ( IWMI).The report says that about one- quarter of the worlds population lives in areas where water is physically scare, while about one sixth of humanity over a billion people live where water is economically scares, or places where Water is available in rivers and aquifers, but the infrastructure is lacking to make thick water available to people. In a world of unprecented wealth, almost two million children die-each year for privation of a applesauce of clean water and enough sanitation.Millions of women and young girls are forced to spend hours collecting and carrying water, restricting their opportunities and their choices. Water bone infectious diseases are growing in same of the worlds poorest countries. world development reports 2006 investigates the underlying causes and consequences of a crisis that leaves 1. 2 billion people without access to safe water and 2. 6 billion without access to sanitation. In 2006 the International Management Institute, inform that water scarcity affected a rich third of world population.In 2007 the Intergovernmental panel on climate change predicted that due to climate change, the number of people facing water scarcity would grow. Other, too, say that there is a global water crisis, the availability of water is dwindling, the world is ventingning out of the water. Solution of water scarcity (a) Water and Climate change Water scarcity is expected to become an even more important problem than it is today. There are some(prenominal) reasons for this * First the distribution of hurriedness in lacuna and time is very uneven, leading to tremendous impermanent variability in water resources worldwide (Oki et al. 003). For example, the Atacama waste in Chile receives imperceptible annual quantities of rainwater where as Mawsynram, Assam, India receives over 450 inches annually. If the fresh water on the planet were change integrity equally among the global population, there would be 5000 to 6000 M3 of water availab le for everyone, every year. * Second the rate of evaporation varies a great deal, depending on temperature and relative humidity, which impact the amount of water available to replenish ground water supplies.The combination of shorter era but more intense rainfall (meaning more run off and less infiltration) combined with increase evapotranspiration (the sum of evaporation and full treatment transpiration form the earths land surface to atmosphere) and increase irrigation is expected to lead to ground water depletion. According to world bank, as many as two billion people lack adequate sanitation facilities to place them from water borne disease, while a billion lack access to clean water altogether.According to United States, which has tell 2005-15 the Water for life decade, 95 percent of the world cities still dump water sewage into their water supplies. Thus it should come as no force to know that 80 percent of all the health maladies in developing countries can be trace d back to unsanitary water. Developed countries are not immune to fresh water problem either. Researcher found a six-fold increase in water use for only a two-fold increase in population size in the United States since 1900.Such a trend reflects the connection between higher living standards and increased water usage and underscores the need for more sustainable management and use of water supplies even in more developed societies. (b) Technical Solution in the altogether technology can help, however, particularly by make clean up pollution and so making more water useable, and in agriculture, where water use can be made for more efficient, drought foul plants can also help. shed irrigation drastically cuts the amount of water needed, low-pressure sprinklers are an improvement, and even make simple earth walls to trap rainfall is helpful.Some countries are now treating wastewater so that it can be used and drunk some(prenominal) times over. desalinization makes seawater, but takes huge quantities of energy and leaves vast amount of brine. (c) Climate Change In any case, it is not just us who need water, but every other species that shares the planet with us as well as the ecosystems on which we, and they, rely. Climate change will also have an impact, some areas will belike benefit from increase rainfall, but other are likely to be loser. We have to rethink how much water we really need if we are to go through how to share the Earths supply.While dams and other large schemes play a big spot worldwide, there is also a growing recognition of the value of using the water already have more efficiently rather than harvesting ever more from our rivers and aquifers. For millions of people around the world, getting it right is a matter of life and death. (d) The hydrological Cycle The hydrological stave begins with evaporation from the surface of ocean or land, continues as air carries the water vapour to locations where it forms clouds and eventuall y precipitates out.It then continues when the precipitation is either absorbed into the ground or runs off to the ocean, ready to begin the cycle over over again in an endless loop. The amount of time needed for ground water to recharge can vary with the amount of intensity of precipitation. With world population expected to pass nine billion by mid-century, solutions to water scarcity problems are not going to come easy. Some have suggested that technology such as large-scale salt water desalination plants could fetch more water for the world use.But environmentalists argue that depleting ocean water is no answer and will only create other big problems. In any case, research and development into improving desalination technologies is ongoing, especially in Saudi Arabia, Israel and Japan. Already an estimated 11,000 desalination plants populate in some great hundred countries around the world. Water Management When we think about water scarcity, then, we should not be focusin g on an absolute shortfall between the total needs of the earths population and the available supply, but on where the useable water is and what it costs to bring enough clean water to where people are.Applying market principles to water would assist a more efficient distribution of supply everywhere. Analysts at Harvard Middle East Water Project, for example, sanction depute a monetary value to fresh water, rather than considering it a free natural commodity. They say such a approach could help apologise the political and security tensions caused by water scarcity. move prices in membrane filtering technology (reverse osmosis) and advances in ultraviolet and ozone disinfections have led to a wide roll of off the shelf water technologies.Large companies such as GE, Siemens and Dow developed these technologies for consumer markets in industrial countries, spurred by the exploding market in bottled water, but they offer evoke spin-offs in developing countries. As individuals, we can also reign in our own water use to help conserve what is becoming an ever more precious resource. We can hold off on watering our lawns in times of drought. And when it does rain, we can pull together gutter water in barrels to feed garden hoses and sprinklers. We can turn off the tapes while we brush our teeth or shave, and take shorter showers.In other world, Doing more with less is the first and easiest step along the path toward water scarcity. As a undeviating and affordable technology, desalination has come of age in the last two decades. For Iceland cities such as Singapore, or for a new quin star hotel on a Pacific atoll, a desalination plant is now standard technology. The cost of desalination has come down rapidly and now ranges from $ 0. 5 1. 00 per cubic meter, depending upon price of energy. This is a reasonable price for tipsiness water in a developed urban area or hotel where the impact on way of life prices will be only a few dollars per day.For agricul tural purposes, however the value of water ranges from several cents per cubic meter to grow crop such as corn, wheat, rice or sugar cane, to half a dollar for intensive f begin or vegetable production. Desalination is clearly not an economical option. Desalination is similarly impractical for poor people who live on less than $ 1 or $ 2 per day. completion Water is a source of life of every living organism. Without water living beings cannot survive their lives. There is 60% water in human gross body. It is a natural source that sustains our environments and supports livelihood.Water is the blue gold, and that future wars will be fought for water. So, not a single drop of water original from rain should be allowed to escape into the sea without being utilized for human benefit. Present global water scarcity is defined as per capita supplies less than 1700 M3/year. Around 1. 2 billion people, or almost one-fifth of the worlds population, live in areas of physical scarcity while an other 1. 6 billion, or almost one quarter of the worlds population, face economic, water shortage. A third of worlds population lives in water stressed countries now.The report says that a rule of thumb is that each calorie consumed as food requires about one litre of water to produce. Causes of Global water crisis are population growth, increased urbanization, high level of consumption and climate change which shrink the resources of fresh water, run of glaciers. More than five millions people die from water-borne diseases each year around the Globe due to drinking polluted water. Underground water table is depleting on an average 3 meters a year as per research conducted in India. One in three people is enduring one form or other of water scarcity around the Globe.Almost two million children die each year for want of a glass of clean water and adequate sanitation. If the fresh water on the planet were divided equally among the global population, there would be 5000 to 6000 M3 of water available for every one, every year. Technical solutions of water scarcity around Globe are Drip irrigation, recycling of sewage water and to make it usable for agriculture, vegetables and bathroom purposes, scientific work over hydrological cycle formation, desalination of saline water, Increasing R. O. technology.We should advocate assigning a monetary value to fresh drinking water, rather than considering it a free natural commodity. each every globe citizen should save water in bathing cooking, gardening i. e. their daily use purposes. References * Goudie, As (2006). Global Warming and Fluvial Geomorphology al-Quran 79, September 2006, 37th Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium The human role in changing Fluvial Systems. * Huntington, T. G. (2005) Evidence for Intensification of the global water cycle Review and Synthesis. Journal of Hydrology, 319. * Konikow, Leonard et al. 2005). base water Depletion A Global Problem. Hydrogeology (13). * Nearing, M. A. et al. (2005). Modeling solution of Soil Erosion and Run off to changes in Precipitation and cover. Catena, 61. * Oki, Taikan et al. (2006). Global hydrological Cycles and World Water Resources, wisdom 313. * Vorasmarty, Charles et al. (2000). Global Water Resource Vulnerability from Climate Change and Population Growth, Science, 289. * World Water mind Programme, 2003. Water for people, Water for life The United Nations world water development report. UNESCO Paris.Water Scarcity hoist Well, human is facing a serious challenge of water resource which will be delectated. therefore I collect some reference from Internet. My thesis is that I will use increase water supply as my original solution which transfers the salt sea water into fresh water. (Water solution methods in appendices)The purpose is searching how to reduce water scarcity in my country. Besides, I will talk about three issues the uneven distribution, water pollution and hard water in China, then I am supposed to provide one method which is desalination to dress the scarcity.My method can transport the 97% sea water to the fresh water in order to solve the water scarcity. Introduction instantly people have witnessed the rapid development of the world through using a lot of reputation resources like oil, coal and water. The environment problem becomes more serious, for example the 20 lakes in China dry up each year. Over the past 50 years country has lost more than 1000 natural water reservoirs. This is almost 10000 km2of the water surface. The main reason of this is the active development of industry.China overuses fresh water. Industrial waste water entering the lakes contains chemical compounds came from metallurgy, textile, pharmaceutical, food, pulp and paper industries. (G. T. Frumin, 2011)For the whole world, if people dont have water, human cannot survive anymore. Absolutely, water is dominative in biosphere as a whole, like the water circulation, climate, agriculture and so forth. Every animal in th e earth cannot alive without water also water is an excellent solvent which can transport the food and waste products.Actually, the water is transparent to visible and ultraviolet light. This means that (pure) water is colorless and allows light to penetrate, thus allowing photosynthesis to take place at considerable depths. That are why water is so important in biosphere. Lets see the history of the water scarcity. If we trace the origin of the point, I think we can say the First Industry Revolution. After Britain stretch out the world and do into a fast-paced development. ten thousand resources have been used to invent the technologies, involving water.After that, many countries waste plenty of water in order to become stronger. Some now many countries are scurvy the water. Hence, my purpose is searching how to reduce water scarcity in China. The thesis statement is that I will use method that increase water supply as my original method which transfer the salty water into fresh water. Methodology My topic is that discusses the issues and serves a practical method for the problem. In order to make the information convincing, I have found several websites information to embody the topic.I will search for issues, the uneven water distribution, water pollution, and hard water, and find some current action solving the problems. Then, I will suggest some laws and suggests for the water scarcity. Besides, I will use folder and charts to clear my information. The research can me understand the problems and solution. It is because various and accurate information might indicate a significant number of factors about issues meanwhile tremendous detail also might confirm it. Finding Table 1. 0 water issues affecting China today description present-day(prenominal) plan Issue 1 Water is uneven distribute transfer the water from south to the north Issue 2 Water pollution tackle and formulate more laws( organization) Issue 3 Some water can not drink ( salty , hard) Chemical reaction As you can see from the table, although China is a big country, it still meets 3 main fresh water issues. Firstly, the amount of fresh water for everyone is very small. Although the China accounted for approximate 6% amount fresh water resource in the world, the average of each Chinese people is lower than the average of world (around 20%). It is because there is a substantial proportion of land in China (thirst in world) meanwhile there is a levelheaded percentage of population in china (about13 billion). China supports 20 percent of the world population with only 7 percent of its water.China has roughly the same amount of water as the United States but five times the population. The shortages are particularly acute in northern China where half the population lives with only 15 percent of Chinas water. (Jeffrey Hays 2013) As a consequence, the fresh water resource might distribute unbalanced in residual areas in China. For example, in Beijing, Hangzhou, the big south cities in China, people have lot water, so they always waste the water and dont build the awareness of saving water. But in some dry places, like Shanxi, the rural people even have no water to drink. It is unfair for people in those areas. Uneven distribution water graph in the appendices) Secondly, water pollution and water stress is reached a primary issue in a massive amount of city in China. Water shortages and water pollution in China are such a problem that the World till warns of catastrophic consequences for future generations. To be more consider that there were total of 600 cities was investigated and around 400 cities witnessed huge water pollution or water stress. fractional of Chinas population lacks safe drinking water. Nearly two thirds of Chinas rural populationmore than 500 million peopleuse water contaminated by human and industrial waste. Jeffrey Hays 2012) Ultimately, another water issue is that there is a considerable quantity of water which cannot be used efficiently by numerous citizen and manufacture. For example, the water is too hard to drink. In my hometown, Zhengzhou, the water is hard, if the water is boiling, there always lefts a lot of water logging which means the water contains many Ca and Mg. In America, since 1972, they have published the law about the water scarcity and safety. But China doesnt have the completely law to frontier the water scarcity. There have three methods to solve all the problems.According to uneven water distribution, China has run a method that transports the water from rich south area to the poor north area. Thus, people who live in north can have more water. Second, here are many solutions are suggested in China. A famous project named South-to-North Water frolic Project (NSBD. 2008,) is established in 2000s in China which is used to relive the water stress of northern areas like Shanxi meanwhile a significant number of money is invested to clean the water which had contaminated and proje ct the recent fresh water.Third, the water in many cities cannot eat because it is hard and salty. So, China now uses some chemical to moderate the hard water and sack some wells to help people drink more fresh water. Discussion I like to increase water supply as my original solution . People now have invented many ways to address the scarcity of water problems. I have discussed three in my finding. According to the first issue which is the uneven water distribution, I think the desalination method is the most useful way, and I believe it can solve the problem of the shortage of the water.Water desalination is the removal of salts and dissolved solids from saline water (brackish or seawater), also known as Desalting or Desalinization. In addition to the removal of minerals, the process removes most biological or organic chemical compounds. intimately desalination processes are based either on thermal distillation or membrane musical interval technologies. (SWP2011) Seawater desa lination is an increasingly important solution to the rising water scarcity afflicting many of the worlds regions. In the world, the proportion of sea water is 97. 47%, the fresh water is only 2. 3%. So if human can transfer this huge amount sea water to fresh water, human will have more fresh water to drink, and survive. Many countries like mid eat and more than 125 countries have attempted these way, because it is economical and efficient. More than 70 % people live near the sea in 120 miles. Besides, the water in the earth is 78%. Thus, it is a really large number for the water scarcity. Human can use less money and get more water in the future. The countries have experimented many times and this method has become more perfect. Conclusion and RecommendationIn the statement of findings, I created a new solution of using fresh water effectively, I believe it will be enacted by government, because this solution needs a few investments, but it might a huge advantage of making more fr esh water in the future. Through using desalination methods, people can transfer the 97% sea water into fresh water for people. As I said, it is a huge potential area for water scarcity. If these can completely use in China, people in the dry areas will have water to drink and survive. Reference G. T. Frumin (2011) Fresh water lakes in China. Online. Available at http//wenku. baidu. om/view/9d4aa2be65ce050876321339. html Accessed 9 March 2013 Jeffrey Hays (2013) FACTS AND DETAILS Online. Available at http//factsanddetails. com/china. php? itemid=317 Accessed 9 March 2013 Jeffrey Hay (2012) FACTS AND DETAILS Online Available at http//factsanddetails. com/china. php? itemid=391 Accessed 9 March 2013 NSBD (2008) China daily Online Available at http//usa. chinadaily. com. cn/business/2012-12/05/content_15989621. htm Accessed 9 March 2013 SWP (2011) International decade for action water for life 2005-2015 Online. Available at http//www. un. org/waterforlifedecade/scarcity. html Accessed 9 March 2013 Appendices Chart 2. 0 Water supply in the world pic Table 2. 0 Water solution Water supply Water demand extend water supply increase same slump water supply same decrease both increase decrease