Understanding Basic Spanish Punctuation

Understanding Basic Spanish Punctuation Spanish punctuation is so much like Englishs that some textbooks and reference books dont even discuss it. But there are a few significant differences. Learn all the Spanish punctuation marks and their names. The marks whose uses are significantly different than those of English are explained below. Punctuation Used in Spanish . : punto, punto final (period), : coma (comma): : dos puntos (colon); : punto y coma (semicolon)- : raya (dash)- : guià ³n (hyphen) «  » : comillas (quotation marks) : comillas (quotation marks) : comillas simples (single quotation marks) ¿ ? : principio y fin de interrogacià ³n (question marks) ¡ ! : principio y fin de exclamacià ³n o admiracià ³n (exclamation points)( ) : parà ©ntesis (parenthesis)[ ] : corchetes, parà ©nteses cuadrados (brackets){ } : corchetes (braces, curly brackets)* : asterisco (asterisk)... : puntos suspensivos (ellipsis) Question Marks In Spanish, question marks are used at the beginning and the end of a question. If a sentence contains more than a question, the question marks frame the question when the question part comes at the end of the sentence. Si no te gusta la comida,  ¿por quà © la comes?If you dont like the food, why are you eating it? Only the last four words form the question, and thus the inverted question mark, comes near the middle of the sentence.  ¿Por quà © la comes si no te gusta la comida?Why are you eating the food if you dont like it? Since the question part of the sentence comes at the beginning, the entire sentence is surrounded by question marks. Katarina,  ¿quà © haces hoy?Katarina, what are you doing today? Exclamation Point Exclamation points are used in the same way as question marks are except to indicate exclamations instead of questions. Exclamation marks are also sometimes used for direct commands. If a sentence contains a question and an exclamation, it is okay to use one of the marks at the beginning of the sentence and the other at the end. Vi la pelà ­cula la noche pasada.  ¡Quà © susto!I saw the movie last night. What a fright! ¡Quà © lstima, ests bien?What a pity, are you all right? It is acceptable in Spanish to use up to three consecutive exclamation points to show emphasis.  ¡Ã‚ ¡Ã‚ ¡No lo creo!!! I dont believe it! Period In regular text, the period is used essentially the same as in English, coming at the end of sentences and most abbreviations. However, in Spanish numerals, a comma is often used instead of a period and vice versa. In U.S. and Mexican Spanish, however, the same pattern as English is often followed. Ganà ³ $16.416,87  el aà ±o pasado.She earned $16,416.87 last year. This punctuation would be used in Spain and most of Latin America. Ganà ³ $16,416.87  el aà ±o pasado.She earned  $16,416.87  last year. This punctuation would be used primarily in Mexico, the U.S., and Puerto Rico. Comma The comma usually is used the same as in English, being used to indicate a break in thought or to set off clauses or words. One difference is that in lists, there is no comma between the next-to-last item and the y, whereas in English some writers use a comma before the and. This use in English is sometimes called the serial comma or the Oxford comma. Comprà © una camisa, dos zapatos y tres libros.I bought a shirt, two shoes, and three books.Vine, vi y vencà ­.I came, I saw, I conquered. Dash The dash is used most frequently in Spanish to indicate a change in speakers during a dialogue, thus replacing quotation marks. In English, it is customary to separate each speakers remarks into a separate paragraph, but that typically isnt done in Spanish. -  ¿Cà ³mo ests? - Muy bien  ¿y tà º? - Muy bien tambià ©n.How are you?Im fine. And you?Im fine too. Dashes can also be used to set off material from the rest of the text, much as they are in English. Si quieres una taza de cafà © - es muy cara - puedes comprarla aquà ­.If you want a cup of coffee - its very expensive - you can buy it here. Angled Quotation Marks The angled quotation marks and the English-style quotation marks are equivalent. The choice is primarily a matter of regional custom or the capabilities of the typesetting system. The angled quotation marks are more common in Spain than in Latin America, perhaps because they are used in some other Romance languages (such as French). The main difference between the English and Spanish uses of quotation marks is that sentence punctuation in Spanish goes outside the quote marks, while in American English the punctuation is on the inside. Quiero leer Romeo y Julieta. I want to read Romeo and Juliet. Quiero leer  «Romeo y Julieta ». I want to read Romeo and Juliet.

The impact of the Financial Crisis on Banking Industry Research Paper

The impact of the Financial Crisis on Banking Industry - Research Paper Example In 2009, the â€Å"Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation† failed almost 305 banks. Even though this is comparatively small proportion of the entire banks, the tendency that this reveals is the actual reason for concern. This amount is greater than 12 times the amount, 25, which failed in the year 2008. Among these banks which were forced to shut their doors in 2008 was â€Å"Washington Mutual†; the leading bank to date which has been compelled to shut their doors. Nevertheless, they were capable to get away total amount of liquidation by being engrossed by â€Å"JP Morgan Chase†. This benefited the â€Å"JP Morgan Chase† since this gave them a trail on the west-shore which they had been requesting for some time (Bexley et al., 2011, p. 2). Due to these negative externalities, the problem of credit crunch has been generated which has reduced the amounts of investment and investable funds across the globe. Also the problem of subprime lending has also been a ggravated in global economies, mainly in US which has reduced the banking transactions in the country (Bexley et al., 2011, p. 6). ... to this high level of inflation, consumers are not getting capable of purchasing costliest goods and services and hence business organisations which are engaged in production of these goods and services are leaving the industry. Again this is reducing the level of income in the country and hence the level of demand for necessary goods and service. The Fed is expecting to have a subdued in the next few years because of weaker level of real economic activities prevailing in the country. But the Fed is expecting that the rate of inflation will remain unresponsive in newt few years due to the fact the American economy is still under the curse of financial and economic crises situations (Minutes of the Federal Open Market Committee, 2011, p. 1). Future solutions: Again, it is expected by the researchers that the rate of interest will remain comparatively low as well as stable in the next year following the rapid growth of developing countries. This increasing growth of countries such as I ndia and China will increase the volume of trade in favor of USA. Also the corporate bonds and the share market are expected to be much stable in the next year than it is now. These aspects are expected to improve the performance of the banking sector in the US (Elwell, 2011, p. 4). The rate of interest on â€Å"91-Day Treasury Bills† in the next year is expected to be 0.2% and that of â€Å"10-year treasury notes to be 3.5% (Fiscal Year 2013: Analytical Perspective: Budget of the U.S. Government, 19). These improvements in the economic variables of the country is expected to create significant amount of positive effect on the increment of the level of private as well as public consumption spending of the country. Consumption spending is most likely to remain the most crucial part of the

Early Childhood Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Early Childhood Studies - Essay Example This paper stresses that the process of children with special needs is tied with the Reformation of Europe which saw the promotion of childhood as a unique state in a person’s life where s/he has to be segregated and taught things that will be beneficial to him or her in life. The Industrial Revolution did not come up with any rules and regulations that directly affect or influence children with learning disabilities. Thiis report makes a conclusion that the main framework of relevant laws today have its roots in the Education Act 1944 which sought to promote children with special needs’ requirements and their identification. Also, the institution of laws and regulations relating to the identification of children with special needs and helping them got a major boost with the Warnock Report which came up in 1978 and was implemented in the Education Act of 1981. These rules created a framework that supported the medical and physical assessment of children with special needs in order to keep them in special schools. These assessments were regulated and they were given various yardsticks and guidelines. The author approves that these rules were later modified by the Labour Government and this was complemented by the Human Rights Act 1998, which allowed the UK to create rules and regulations that relating to children with special needs that was in sync with the existing regulations. The SEN And Disability Act of 2001 was complemented by the 2004 SEN Strategy that was meant to remove barriers towards achievement and enhance investments into various charitable organisations that were focused on persons with disabilities.

(A BIG CITY) traffic congestion Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

(A BIG CITY) traffic congestion - Term Paper Example In cases where the traffic congestion proves to be a major liability, the government then has to come in and devise a strategy that will reduce the traffic congestion within the city or country. In some cities, their governments have done a remarkable job in reducing traffic congestion in their cities. It would be great if there were a situation where the government succeeded in dealing with this problem of traffic congestion. Unfortunately, there is still work to be done in other major cities. A good example of a city that still has traffic congestion problems is Los Angeles in the United States. The city of Los Angeles is one of the major cities in the world that is experiencing traffic congestion. With most people going to work by vehicles, the traffic congestion for most individuals leads to a loss of about 59 hours per year t commuters as they sit in traffic. It was mainly because of industrialization and development in this region, which led to many people migrating to Los Angeles. These factors created job opportunities for many people as well as a chance to live in a progressing area. People wanted to move closer to work, which led to the existence of a large population in Los Angeles. Most of the trips made along this area have a lot to do with work. For most people, they find it more convenient to own a personal vehicle, which will enable them have the luxury and comfort of driving themselves to work or wherever they are needed. It however also includes women who are going for shopping or dropping off their children at daycares. As a result, just about everyone in t his city is affected by the traffic congestion conditions surrounding them. As a result of this severe condition of traffic congestion in Los Angeles, there are several methods of reducing the severity of the situation. These include the government and the occupants of this major city. The government can revisit the structure of the road systems in Los Angeles and develop a different

Critically evaluate the extent to which prisoners with learning Essay

Critically evaluate the extent to which prisoners with learning disabilities are discriminated against in the criminal justice system( prison.) - Essay Example A current study conducted in New South Wales, Australia reported that 80% of the total prisoner population have a mental disorder. In the United States, more than half of the prisoner population are under medication for psychotic problems and major depression. Studies in the United Kingdom have reported a comparable situation. As reported by a current Prison Reform Trust study, prisoners with learning disabilities experience discrimination and other human rights violence. Among people with mental disorders those with learning disorders are still among the most discriminated and mistreated members of the society. According to the United Nations Special Rapporteur, â€Å"... [t]heir neglect is reflected in society at large, among the health professionals, and in the human rights community.† This discrimination and neglect are even more severe in the prison environment in numerous countries. Current studies in several countries have revealed the huge population of prisoners suffe ring from learning disabilities and the severely insufficient attention given to their mental health care needs. Some individuals with learning disabilities are at risk of criminal behaviour and are, thus, predisposed to have dealings with the criminal justice system. People with borderline and mild learning disorders make up the bulk of the total population of those with learning disabilities. According to the 2001 report of the Department of Health (DoH), roughly 1.2 million individuals in the UK have a mild to moderate learning disability. Estimations from the data of prison population show that daily roughly 5,000 individuals with learning disabilities are incarcerated together with an additional 19,500 individuals with probable mild to moderate learning disabilities. Several studies have been carried out which emphasise service insufficiencies,

Discussion 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Discussion 3 - Assignment Example rpret that sign to mean getting a go ahead to do something while others may interpret the same to mean being sent away or being reprimanded in one way or another. An example of a euphemism that I have come across is a mother conversing with the daughter touching on sex in the presence of other peers. In this case, the mother uses expressions that explain to the daughter that her body is changing, and that sooner or later, she would start developing mountains on her chest. The mother also tells the daughter that visitors will visit her every month to mean that she would start experiencing her monthly periods. She later explains to her daughter that forests will grow on her body, to mean that the daughter will start developing pubic hair on her body. These kinds of expressions help in communication as Moore & Parker (2011) write. In this case, the euphemisms make it less embarrassing to discuss the body changes in the human

Art Management and Arts Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Art Management and Arts Marketing - Essay Example An arts management course is deemed appropriate to hone the skills of arts enthusiasts and to enable them to develop programs, write grants, provide technical assistance and be responsible art managers. The artists themselves recognized the need to develop a program which would train students who are arts enthusiasts to focus on management of the arts. Accordingly, the important factors which need to be constantly improved are professionalism and relevant management techniques to assure the artists of success in their field of endeavor. What is the relevance of art management to cultural organizations? An arts management student would have direct beneficial contributions to the cultural sector by taking entrepreneurial roles in the development and management of artistic and cultural resources of a particular region. This means that art managers would take an active role in training artists in the management of their own cultural talents. As they enhance their expertise in this field, these art managers would be able to develop regional and international contacts with arts organizations, cultural agencies, and other art practitioners in the field. Finally, entrepreneurial insight and skills would be improved to transform cultural resources into sources of economic benefit for all concerned. (Details from the Postgraduate Diploma in Arts and Cultural Enterprise Management, www.sta.uwi.edu) There are a variety of agencies and institutions who would be interested in the services of an arts administrator or manager who completed an arts management course. The following opportunities are open for art managers: (1) experts in arts organizations; (2) consultants in crafts production industries; (3) book publishers; (4) film producers/directors; (5) events promoters and talent agents; (6) associates in museums and art galleries;